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adv(1)在(向)較高處，在上面(頭)(at or to a higher place or position;overhead)：The birds circled～.鳥在上空盤旋。see the top of a mountain high～看見山頂高聳云端;His flat is～.他的單元房在上面。the clouds/stars～頭上的云/星星;the shelf/bedroom～上面的架子/臥室;seen from～從高處看;A drop of water fell on me from～.一滴水從上面掉到我身上。a voice/cry from～從上面?zhèn)飨聛淼恼f話聲/喊叫;Half the rock was under the water and half～.巖石的一半在水下，一半在水面以上。The captain went～to check the sails.船長到甲板上檢查風帆去了?！纪給ver;〖反〗below，beneath;

(2)在上(前)文中，上述(higher on a page or earlier in a book，article，etc)：the facts mentioned～上文所提到的事實;the figures quoted～上文引述的數(shù)字;I have mentioned it～.我在前面已經(jīng)提到了。as was stated～如上所述;See～，page 10.見上文，第10頁。See the examples～.見上述例證。in the～paragraph 在上一段落;the～figures/statements/examples/discussion上面的數(shù)字/陳述/例子/討論;

(3)(數(shù)量或質量、職位或權利等)超過(more in number，age，etc，or higher in rank， authority，power，importance，etc)：books with 100 pages and～100頁和100頁以上的書：children of 13 and～13歲以及13歲以上的孩子們;aged 50 and ～50歲以及50歲以上者;a meeting for majors and～少校及少校以上軍官的會議;The invitations were for captains and～.請柬是給上尉及上尉以上軍官的。appeal to the courts～向上級法庭申訴;Take your complaints to the powers～.向更高一級的當權者去申訴吧!〖同〗over;

(4)在(向)天上(to or in heaven)：the powers～天上諸神;Heavens～! 天哪! gone to one's eternal rest～升天了;blessings from～上天的祝福;

→?above-′mentioned，?above-′named adj 上(前)述的;

prep(1)在……上面(頭)(in a higher position than;over)：～the horizon/the sea-level/the clouds/one's head 在地平線/海平面/云/頭上空;The castle towers～all the land.城堡高聳于原野之上。There's a picture～the fireplace.壁爐上方有幅畫。The water came～my knees.水沒過了我的雙膝。Some seagulls are hovering just～the waves.一些海鷗緊貼波濤翱翔。From～the clouds the sky is deep blue.云層之上的天空湛藍湛藍的。a flat～the shop 商店上面的單元房;〖同〗over;〖反〗below;

(2)(職位、權利、重要性等)超過，高于(higher in rank，authority，power，importance，etc than)：A general is～colonel.將軍在上校之上。The President is～all military officers.總統(tǒng)的職位高于一切軍官。He reports to the executive～him.他向比他職位高的行政人員報告工作。The girl married～her.那姑娘嫁人攀了高枝。Show respect to those～you.尊敬比你職位高的人。

(3)(數(shù)量、質量、重量、價格等)超過，大于(more in number，age，price，weight，etc than)：～the average height/zero/freezing-point在平均高度/零/冰點以上;～two dollars/five tons/the age of 10/10 years of age在兩美元/五噸/10歲/10歲以上;There were～a hundred people present.有100多人出席了。His intelligence / The temperature is～average.他的智力/氣溫高于平均值。Last week's spending was～normal.上周的花費比平常多。〖同〗over;

(4)勝過(in preference to)(fml)：value honour～life視榮譽高于生命;value safety～excitement視安全重于刺激;love life～gold 愛生命勝過金錢;put one's happiness～everything else 視幸福高于一切;favour one son～another 偏愛一個兒子超過另一個;

(5)(品德)高于(勝過)，不屑(做，為)(higher in quality than;of too fine a character for)：You must not be～asking for advice/help.你應該不恥于求教/求助。consider oneself～such mercenary transactions 自視不屑于干這種唯利是圖的勾當;A true gentleman must be～envy，jealousy or vindictiveness.一個真正的紳士應該不屑于妒忌、嫉妒或存報復心理。be～stealing/lying/deceit/trickery/flattery 不屑于偷竊/說謊/欺騙/欺騙/阿諛奉承;The man wouldn't steal/lie—he's～that.那人決不會偷/說謊——他不屑于做那種事情。He's～doing something like that.他不屑于干那種事。

(6)超過(出)(beyond the reach of (because too great，good，etc))：The man is～suspicion.那個人不容置疑。His behaviour is～praise/reproach/criticism.他的舉止贊不勝贊/無可指責/無可批評。〖同〗beyond;

(7)在……上游(further up a river than)：the waterfall～the bridge 橋上游的瀑布;Windsor is～London.溫莎市在倫敦的(泰晤士河)上游。

above all 最重要的是，尤其(首先)：He longs～all to see his family again.他尤其渴望再見到他的家人。

→ a?bove-′board adv & adj 正大光明地(的);

n上面(述)的(sth mentioned in a higher place on a page or earlier in a book，article，etc)(fml);refer to the～參閱上文;The～is/are the most important fact(s).上述事實最為重要。

【辨異】above與over、on和beyond有時語義相近。指空間位置時，over指垂直的上方，above則不一定，on指“在……表面上”，與之接觸;指職位時，above僅指級別高低，而over則含有“管轄”之意;指數(shù)量時，above通常指超出一個標準或最低量，over則無限定;用于比喻意義(指品德等時)，above常用于人，beyond則多用于事物，指超出人的本身所能達到或完成的。