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conj (1) 但(是)，可(是)(on the contrary)：My mother went，～I(xiàn) didn't.我媽媽去了，可我沒(méi)有去。She doesn't like wine，～her husband does.她不喜歡酒，但她丈夫喜歡。We offered not a pledge～a request.我們沒(méi)有給予承諾，而是提出要求。Not you～I(xiàn) am to blame.不怪你，應(yīng)該怪我。

(2) 然而，但，卻 (in spite of this/that; however; yet)：I ought to have helped her，～I(xiàn) never could.我本應(yīng)幫助她的，可我一直沒(méi)能幫上忙。She cut her finger badly，～didn't cry.她把手指割了一個(gè)大口子，卻沒(méi)哭。Life is limited，～there is no limit to learning.生命有限，學(xué)無(wú)止境。It is not cheap，～(it is) excellent.這不便宜，但很不錯(cuò)。It was a sunny～rather windy day.那天陽(yáng)光明媚，但風(fēng)太大。He worked hard～without any success.他很努力，卻毫無(wú)成就。

(3) 但也，同時(shí)(yet also; at the same time)：He was tired～happy.他很累，但很快活。She was poor～proud.她很窮，很有骨氣。The girl was sadder～wiser.那女孩更傷感了，同時(shí)也更懂事了。

(4) 就會(huì)，沒(méi)有不……的(without it happening that; without it also being the case that)(用于某些否定詞之后)：It never rains～it pours.不下雨則已，一下就是傾盆如注。Scarcely a day passed～I(xiàn) met her.我沒(méi)有一天不碰見(jiàn)她的(幾乎每天都碰見(jiàn)她)。I can never go to London～I(xiàn) remember my happy youth there.我每當(dāng)去倫敦就會(huì)想起我在那里度過(guò)的幸福的青少年時(shí)代。

(5) (表示不同意，驚訝)(used in exclamation to show disagreement， surprise or astonishment)：“I'll give you ￡10.” “B～that's not enough”“我給你10英鎊?！薄澳遣粔颉！?“It's time to go to bed， children.” “B～we don't want to!” “孩子們，該睡覺(jué)了?！薄翱晌覀儾幌胨?” “He is getting married.” “B～that's wonderful news.”“他要結(jié)婚了?！薄鞍?，那可是好消息。”

(6) (引入新話(huà)題)(showing that one is changing the subject)：B～now to our next question.現(xiàn)在說(shuō)下一個(gè)問(wèn)題。B～now we'd better get down to business.現(xiàn)在我們還是干正事吧!

but that 1) 要不是：He would have said no～(that) he was afraid.要不是害怕，他早說(shuō)不同意了。 2) (等于that)：I don't doubt/question/deny～(that) you are surprised.我毫不懷疑/懷疑/否認(rèn)你是吃驚了。 There's no doubt/question～(that) it was he who was guilty.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是他有罪。 Who knows～that what he says is true? 誰(shuí)知道，他說(shuō)的話(huà)也許是真的?

but then 然而，再說(shuō)：I like living here —～then I've never lived anywhere else.我喜歡住在這兒，可話(huà)說(shuō)回來(lái)，我也從沒(méi)有在別的地方住過(guò)。

not only ... but (also) 不但……，而且……：Not only beginners， ～also experienced craftsmen may learn much from this book.不僅初學(xué)者，就是有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工匠也能從他的書(shū)中學(xué)到許多東西。

prep 除了(去)(apart from; other than; except(for))(用在否定詞no， nobody， no one， none， nothing， nowhere;疑問(wèn)詞who，whose，what，where以及all， everyone，anyone，everything，anything，everywhere，anywhere 等之后)：There was no direct route～through the centre of town.除了穿過(guò)市中心，沒(méi)有直的路線(xiàn)。No one replied～a boy.除了一個(gè)男孩外，沒(méi)有人答腔。There was nothing to do～(to) wait.毫無(wú)辦法，只有等了。They did nothing～complain.他們光是抱怨。You can find this nowhere～in England.只有在英國(guó)你才能找到這個(gè)。Who～a fool would do such a thing? 除了笨蛋，還有誰(shuí)會(huì)干這種事? Whose fault is it～hers? 不是她的錯(cuò)，又能是誰(shuí)的? What should I find～an enormous spider! 我找到的竟然是一只大蜘蛛! All had fled～her (or All～she (her) had fled).除她之外所有人都跑了。Everyone was there～him(or Everyone～he (him) was there). 除了他，每個(gè)人都在那里。She looks anything～well.她的氣色一點(diǎn)也不好。Put it anywhere～on the floor.除了地板上放哪兒都行。

the first/last/next but one (two)正數(shù)/倒數(shù)/接著第二(三)個(gè)： He lives in the last house～one in this street.他住在這條街上倒數(shù)第二座房子。

but for 要不是：B～for the fog， it might have been a pleasant day.要不是有霧，那一天本來(lái)可以過(guò)得很愉快的。B～for him all would have been lost.要不是他就什么都完了。

adv 僅僅，只是，剛剛(only; merely)(fml)：He was still～a child， when his mother died.他母親死時(shí)，他還只是個(gè)孩子。This is～one case in many.這僅僅是許許多多之中的一例。There is～one man for the job.只有一個(gè)人適合做這個(gè)工作。We can～try. 我們只能試一試。I saw him～a few minutes ago.幾分鐘以前，我剛見(jiàn)過(guò)他。

all but 幾乎：It is all～complete/finished.差不多完成了。He all～died of his wounds.他差點(diǎn)兒受傷致死。

can not but 只能：He could not～admit it.他只有承認(rèn)這點(diǎn)。I could not～laugh.我忍不住要笑。

pron 沒(méi)有……不…… (that...not; who...not)(用于某些否定詞之后)：Not a man/No one～(= who doesn't) knows that.沒(méi)有人不知道那件事的。There is no tree～(= that doesn't) bears some fruit. (prov) 沒(méi)有不結(jié)果的樹(shù)。

【辨異】1) but與however、nevertheless、still¹ 和yet都表示前、后兩句在意義上的對(duì)立，都置于第二句之首。區(qū)別在于：首先，此時(shí)的but是連詞，其前用逗號(hào);此外，除連接句子，還可連接句子成分;而其他幾個(gè)此時(shí)都是副詞，其前用分號(hào)。語(yǔ)義上，but只是一般地表示前后語(yǔ)義相對(duì)立，如：We are going，but we shall return. (我們要走了，但還要回來(lái)的。) however(不過(guò)，然而)的對(duì)立意義不明顯，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)后句，以與前句意義對(duì)比，如：We are going; however(“notice this also”)， we shall return. (我們要走了，然而，我們是要回來(lái)的。) nevertheless(雖然如此，不過(guò)，然而)含有讓步意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)這點(diǎn)不可忘記，如：We are going; nevertheless(“do not forget that”)， we shall return. (我們要走了，盡管如此，我們可是要回來(lái)的。) still¹ (然而，雖然如此)強(qiáng)調(diào)后一句的內(nèi)容是可能的，甚至是不可避免的，如：We have to go on foot; still (“it is possible or possible that”)， we'll get there. (我們只好步行，然而，我們會(huì)走到的。) yet (然而，卻)強(qiáng)調(diào)另一種結(jié)果的可能性，如：We are going; yet (“in spite of all， someday”) we shall return.(我們要走了，然而，我們會(huì)回來(lái)的。) 2) but與except和save 都可用作介詞，都表示“除了……外”，故都可用于下句中：We're all here but/except/save Mary. (除瑪麗外，我們都在這里。) 區(qū)別在于，but 只用于no等否定詞、who等疑問(wèn)詞及all和帶every、any的詞語(yǔ)后，而except和save(正式用語(yǔ)，古體)則無(wú)此限制，故下句中可用后兩者，不可用but：The window is never opened except/save in summer(這窗子除了夏天從不打開(kāi)。)此外，except和save后只能用賓語(yǔ)，而but后，如果代詞看上去起主語(yǔ)作用，其后跟有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，也可用主格，如：No one but he (or him) is wrong. (只有他一個(gè)人不對(duì)。) 3) but for與except for都可表示“要不是”的意思，且都是與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用，如：But/Except for you， I should be dead by now. (要不是你，我現(xiàn)在就不在人間了。) 不同處在于except for還可表示“除了……外”，與陳述語(yǔ)氣連用，如：Everyone was there except for you. (除了你，大家都去那里了。)