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(1)事例(instance or example of the existence or occurrence of sth)[C]：It was a clear (typical)～of stupidity/dishonesty/blackmail/cheating/bad planning/mistaken identity/poor judgement/love at first sight.這是明顯(典型)的愚蠢/不老實(shí)/敲詐/欺騙/計(jì)劃不周/誤認(rèn)身份/判斷有誤/一見(jiàn)鐘情。〖同〗instance，example;

(2)事實(shí)，實(shí)情(fact;state or situation of affairs)[C，the～]：I don't think that's really the～.我認(rèn)為并非如此。He said/heard that was (not) the～.他說(shuō)/聽(tīng)說(shuō)那(不)是實(shí)情。If that's the～，I must try as well.如果是那樣的話(huà)，我也應(yīng)該試一試。Is it the～that he has lost everything? 他是把什么都丟了嗎? Such being the～，... 既然情況如此，……

(3)情況(形)(particular occasion or state of affairs relating to a person or thing)[C，通常 sing]：That is (not) the～with Mary.瑪麗的情況(不)是如此。The ～with her (Her～) is different/difficult to handle.她的情況不同/難于處理。It's different in my～.我的情況不同。In his～(In the～of him/In this～/In that～)，nothing is to be done. 在他這種情況(在他這種情況/如果這樣的話(huà)/如果那樣的話(huà))，毫無(wú)辦法。In such～s/In many～s，no action is necessary.在這種情況下/在許多情況下，沒(méi)有必要采取行動(dòng)。Take her～for example/instance，...以她的情況為例，……〖同〗situation，condition，circumstance;

(4)病例，個(gè)案，病人(occurrence of a disease，disorder or an injury;person suffering from this)[C]：This is a bad～of small pox/fever/typhoid/measles/tuberculosis(TB).這是明顯的天花/發(fā)燒/傷寒/麻疹/肺結(jié)核。There were many～s of influenza.有許多流感病例。give an account of the～of Mary 說(shuō)一說(shuō)瑪麗的病癥;The doctor had many～s to see.大夫有許多病人要看。The worst～s are sent to the hospital.最嚴(yán)重的病人已送往醫(yī)院。～history 病歷;檔案;〖同〗patient;disease;

(5)案件(matter that needs action by the police or other officials)[C]：a murder/robbery～謀殺/搶劫案;look into a～of murder/robbery with violence調(diào)查謀殺/暴力搶劫案;the～of the missing heiress女繼承人失蹤的案件;

(6)訴訟案子(matter to be decided in a court of law;lawsuit)[C]：try/hear/re-open/lose a～審理/審問(wèn)/重新開(kāi)審/輸?shù)舭缸?The～came before the court /was brought before a jury.這案子開(kāi)庭審理了/提交給了陪審團(tuán)裁決。one's～against sb else某人控告他人的案子;The judge in this～is very fair.審這案子的法官很公正?！纪絣awsuit，suit;

(7)(訴訟的)論據(jù)(事實(shí))(facts or arguments to be used in a court of law)[C，通常 sing]：have/make/present a(strong/clear/good)～against sb有/提出/提出控告某人的(有力/明確/有效的)論據(jù);have a strong～for one's side/for the prosecution/for the defence有為己方辯護(hù)/為原告作證/答辯的有力論據(jù);There's a good～for thinking he's wrong.完全有根據(jù)認(rèn)為他是錯(cuò)誤的。state one's～陳述自己的根據(jù);〖同〗argument，debate;

(8)(語(yǔ)法)格((changes in the)form of a noun，pronoun or adjective showing its relation to other words in a sentence)[C，U]：the subject(ive)/object(ive)/possessive/common～主格/賓格/所有格/通格;

(9)傻瓜，笨蛋(silly person;fool)[C，sing](sl)：He is a real～/really is a～.他真是個(gè)大傻瓜。

in any case無(wú)論如何：In any～，you should return in one day.無(wú)論情況怎樣，你應(yīng)該一天內(nèi)回來(lái)。

in no case決不：In no～are you to leave your post.你決不可離開(kāi)崗位。

in case of 如果，萬(wàn)一;以防(備)：in～of illness /necessity /need /emergency /flood /fire/rain萬(wàn)一有病/需要/有用/出現(xiàn)緊急情況/發(fā)生洪災(zāi)/著火/下雨;insure the house/break the glass in～of fire將房子保險(xiǎn)以防發(fā)生火災(zāi)/萬(wàn)一發(fā)生火災(zāi)把玻璃打碎;

in case以防(備);如果，萬(wàn)一：Take it in～it (should) rain(s)/you(should)need it/anything (should) happen(s).帶著它以備下雨/萬(wàn)一你用得著/萬(wàn)一出什么事。It may not rain，but you'd better take it in～.也許不會(huì)下雨，不過(guò)你最好帶著它以防萬(wàn)一。

→′case-book n 病(案)例簿;′case-law n 案例審判法;′case-load n(醫(yī)生的)全部服務(wù)對(duì)象;′case-study n 個(gè)案研究;

【辨異】case與instance和example都表示代表一類(lèi)事物的某個(gè)特例。case是通用語(yǔ)，指典型的一例或一類(lèi)事實(shí)和情況，如：a typical case of cheating(典型的欺騙);instance(例證，實(shí)例)在語(yǔ)義上與case緊密相關(guān)，是用以說(shuō)明一個(gè)總的思想的具體事例，如：an instance of bad behaviour(不良行為的一個(gè)例子);example(例證，實(shí)例)是許多類(lèi)似事實(shí)和情況中的典型一例，用以說(shuō)明一般規(guī)律(同類(lèi)中其他的也會(huì)如此)，如：The boy is an example of the effect of strict discipline.(這個(gè)男孩是說(shuō)明嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律發(fā)揮作用的一個(gè)例證。)還有illustration(例證)，在語(yǔ)義上與 instance 緊密相關(guān)，也是用來(lái)說(shuō)明一個(gè)理論或原則，只是其選擇純粹是假設(shè)的，如：The working of a pump is an illustration how the heart sends blood around the body.(水泵的工作原理可以說(shuō)明心臟是如何給全身供血的。)