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(1)文化(修養(yǎng))(refined taste，understanding and appreciation of art，literature，music，etc)[U]：a man of great/considerable/little～非常有/頗有/幾乎沒有文化的人;lack～缺乏文化修養(yǎng);a centre of～文化中心;A child should be exposed to～at an early age. 小孩應(yīng)該盡早接受文化的熏陶。

(2)文化(活動(dòng)，作品)(intellectual and artistic activity and the works produced by this)[U]：Our libraries and museums bring～to the people.我們的圖書館和博物館給人民帶來文化。

(3)社會(huì)的文化狀況(result and state of intellectual development of a society)[U]：20th-century mass～ 20世紀(jì)的大眾文化;a period of high/low～高度文明/愚昧?xí)r期;

(4)(某種)文化(明)(particular system of art，literature，thought，and customs of a certain race or nation;the arts，customs，beliefs，social institutions and all the other products of human work and thought created by a people at a particular time)[C，U]：the ancient Greek/Jewish/French/African～古希臘/猶太/法國(guó)/非洲文化;a tribal/new/people's～一種部落/新/人民的文化;an ancient/advanced～古代/先進(jìn)的文化;the～s of Oriental countries/western Europe東方國(guó)家/西歐的文明;national/working-class～民族/工人階級(jí)文化;the～of the Eskimos愛斯基摩人的文化;He was a product of two～s — German and French.他是德、法兩種文明的產(chǎn)物?！纪絚ivilization;

(5)修(教)養(yǎng)，陶冶，鍛煉(development and improvement of the mind or body through special education or training)[U]：the～of the mind精神修養(yǎng);mental～心理修養(yǎng);physical～體育鍛煉;She is an enthusiastic seeker of～.她是個(gè)熱衷于修養(yǎng)的人。a woman of immense～一個(gè)極有修養(yǎng)的女人;

(6)培植(育)(practice of raising animals or growing plants or crops，esp for use or improved development)[U]：bulb/African Violet～鱗莖植物/非洲紫羅蘭的培植;bee/silkworm～蜜蜂/蠶的養(yǎng)殖;plant～種植;the～of grapes/flowers/ tomatoes/bees/silkworms培育葡萄/花/土豆/蜜蜂/蠶;

(7)培養(yǎng)的細(xì)菌，細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)((group of bacteria produced by the) practice of growing bacteria in a laboratory for scientific or medical study)[C，U]：a～of cholera germs培養(yǎng)的霍亂菌;blood～s血液培養(yǎng)菌;the～of bacteria from the urine specimen由尿樣培養(yǎng)細(xì)菌;the new cell～新的細(xì)菌培養(yǎng);

→′cultured adj 有教養(yǎng)的;養(yǎng)殖的;′cultural adj 文化(上)的;

【辨異】culture與education均可表示學(xué)校教育的結(jié)果。education(教育)主要指通過教育所得到的知識(shí);culture(教養(yǎng)，修養(yǎng))指教育的過程和通過教育得到的知識(shí)所造成的思維和感覺方式，指智力和審美的高雅情趣。如：The level of culture in a country depends upon the education of its people.(一個(gè)國(guó)家人民的教養(yǎng)水平取決于國(guó)民所受教育的程度。)