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n (1) 1) 痛苦，悲痛，憂傷(pain or suffering of the mind or body) [U]：share/get over one's～分擔(dān)痛苦/從痛苦中恢復(fù)過來;plunge into/feel great～陷入/感到很痛苦;(sick man) show signs of～(病人)露出痛苦的表情;(sb's dishonest actions/a long trip/one's wounded leg) cause one a great deal of～(某人不誠(chéng)實(shí)的行為/長(zhǎng)途旅行/受傷的腿)使……極其痛苦;stare at sb/cry out in great (acute)～非常(極其)痛苦地注視某人/大喊;leave sb in great(acute)～使某人非常(極其)痛苦; be in great～over sb's disappearance 因?yàn)槟橙说氖й櫠幱跇O度悲痛之中;〖同〗pain， sorrow， grief， anxiety， agony， torture， misery;〖反〗 comfort;2) 引起痛苦或悲痛的事物(sth that causes great suffering of the mind) [U， a～]：(sb/sb's death/sb's leaving home) be a great～to his family(某人/某人的死/某人離家出走)使家人極其悲傷;(one's inability to do sth) be a～to one(不能做某事)使自己痛苦;

(2) 窮(貧)苦((suffering caused by)lack of money or the necessary things of life) [U]：relieve the～among the poor/caused by an earthquake 解除窮人的苦難/地震造成的災(zāi)情;The poor people was in great～. 窮人們處于水深火熱之中。lend a hand to/help the poor people in their～援助/幫助貧困中的窮人;〖同〗need， want， necessity， poverty;

(3) 危難(state of being in extreme danger or great difficulty and needing urgent help) [U]：(ship/climbers) be in～(船/登山者)處于危難之中;ships/swimmers/aircraft in～遇難的船只/游泳者/飛機(jī);rescue the besieged people from their～拯救危難中的人們;send (out) a～signal 發(fā)出求救信號(hào);a～call/flag 遇難呼叫/信號(hào)旗;

→ dis′tressful adj 令人痛苦的;dis′tressfully adv 令人痛苦地;

vt 使痛苦(悲痛，憂傷)(cause to suffer in mind or body) [T+n 通常pass]：be very(much)/most～ed by vague longings/poorly defined fears/sb's lack of interest 因朦朧的渴望/莫名的恐懼/某人毫無興趣感到非常/極其痛苦;be very(much)/most～ed to hear the sad news/at the bad news/when one lost his job 聽到那悲哀的消息/聽到那壞消息/當(dāng)失去工作時(shí)感到非常/極其痛苦;The news of his death/bad news from home/cough～ed her greatly. 他去世的消息/家里的壞消息/咳嗽使她痛苦欲絕。It～ed me to see you unhappy. 看到你不快樂我很痛苦。Please don't～yourself. 請(qǐng)不要憂傷。I hate to～you like this， but it is important. 我并不愿意讓你這樣痛苦，可這事很重要。

→ dis′tressing adj 令人痛苦的;dis′tressingly adv 令人痛苦地