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n (1) 鍛煉，訓(xùn)練 (training or use (esp of the body) through action or effort)[U]：～of the body/mind 進(jìn)行身體/思維訓(xùn)練; be short of～缺少鍛煉; advise sb to get/to take physical～s建議某人進(jìn)行身體訓(xùn)練; E～makes one strong/stimulates the flow of blood. 鍛煉可以使人強(qiáng)壯/促進(jìn)血液流動(dòng)。Swimming is an excellent～/one of the healthiest forms of～. 游泳是一項(xiàng)極好的鍛煉/最有益的鍛煉形式之一。 Walking gives the body/the mind some～s. 散步能使身體/身心得到一定的訓(xùn)練?！纪?workout; 〖反〗 inactivity，idleness;

(2) 練習(xí)，習(xí)題，功課 (lesson，problem，task，etc designed to develop or improve understanding or skill) [C]：daily/routine～每天/日常的練習(xí); do one's～s 做功課;voice/keep-fit/vocabulary～s 聲音/健美/詞匯訓(xùn)練(練習(xí));～s in spelling/for the violin 拼寫/小提琴練習(xí);set a math～for homework 留數(shù)學(xué)的家庭作業(yè);～book 練習(xí)本;〖同〗 practice，training，schooling;

(3) 運(yùn)用，行使，實(shí)(執(zhí))行(fulfillment or performance of (a duty，office，function) [U]：the～of one's official duties/one's rights/one's patience/the imagination/the will power 執(zhí)行公務(wù)/行使權(quán)利/保持耐心/發(fā)揮想象力/運(yùn)用意志力; Safety requires the～of care. 安全需要小心謹(jǐn)慎。The～of caution is necessary when operating a machine. 操作機(jī)器時(shí)要小心翼翼。〖同〗use，practice，employment，utilization，application，performance;〖反〗avoidance，ignoring，overlooking;

(4) 演習(xí);操練 (a series of tasks，operations，etc for training soldiers) [C，常pl]：field/military～(s) 野外/軍事演習(xí);go on a training～參加演習(xí);The soldiers are on/were sent for an～in the mountains. 戰(zhàn)士們正在/被派到山里演習(xí)?！纪?practice，training，drill;

(5) 典禮，儀式 (ceremony with speeches，awards，etc)[pl]：graduation/opening～s畢業(yè)典禮(日)/開幕式; 〖同〗ceremony;

v (1) 練習(xí)，鍛煉 (do exercise，esp that which involves exertion) [I]：I～every morning/twice a day/for an hour daily. 我每天早晨/兩次/一小時(shí)鍛煉身體。He's not～ing enough. 他鍛煉得不夠?！纪?develop;

(2) 訓(xùn)練，鍛煉 (train or give exercise to) [T+n，T+n+prep(in)]：～troops/one's stiff muscles/the voice 訓(xùn)練部隊(duì)/鍛煉僵硬的肌肉/訓(xùn)練聲音;～one's fingers to strengthen them for playing the piano 鍛煉手指以便更有力地彈奏鋼琴;Horses should be～d regularly. 需要對(duì)馬匹進(jìn)行不斷的訓(xùn)練?！玱neself in bayoneting 練習(xí)刺殺; 〖同〗 train，drill，tutor，teach;

(3) 運(yùn)(使)用，實(shí)(執(zhí)，履)行，行使(權(quán)利，職權(quán)等) (put into play or operation，use)[T+n]：～one's rights as a citizen 行使公民權(quán);～patience/intelligence/judgment/control/freedom of speech/power (authority over sb)/influence (pressure) on sb/restraint in eating 運(yùn)用忍耐力/運(yùn)用智慧/運(yùn)用判斷力/實(shí)行控制/行使言論自由的權(quán)利/(對(duì)某人)運(yùn)用權(quán)力/對(duì)某人施加影響(壓力)/節(jié)制飲食; 〖同〗 perform，execute，discharge，use，utilize，employ，apply，practice，exert; 〖反〗 avoid，ignore，overlook;

(4) (使)擔(dān)憂，煩惱，操心 (cause anxiety to) [T+n，通常pass] (fml)： be～d about the future of one's child/about what should be done 為孩子的前程/如何行事操心(煩惱); When I failed in the exams，I was greatly～d. 幾門考試沒能及格，我非常煩惱。The problem has been～ing us/our minds for a long time. 那個(gè)問題已經(jīng)使我們煩惱/使我們心緒煩亂很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。

→′exerci?ser n 鍛煉者，受訓(xùn)練者;行使職權(quán)的人;?exerci′tation n 實(shí)習(xí)，訓(xùn)練;

【辨異】exercise與drill²和practice的區(qū)別見DRILL。