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詞匯 break
釋義

break

(pa.p. broke or broken) vt.
1. rend apart,crack使裂成兩半,使破裂。
△Ado.5.1.142(139): “this last was broke cross.”i.e.The lancewas broken across his opponent’s shield,剛才那一根已經(jīng)橫著折斷了。
2. cut open (esp. a person’s head) 割破,打破(頭等)。
△Rom.1.3.38:“For even the day before,she brokeher brow.”i.e.She cut or bruised her forehead(froma fall).就在那前一天,她跌破了頭皮。
△Wiv.1.1.125(121):“Slender,I broke your head;”斯蘭德,我打破了你的頭。
△Shr.2.1.142(141)s.d.:“with his headbroke.”i.e. with a bleeding cut on his head. 頭破血流。3.pierce 刺穿。
△H.V.3.3.39: “Whiles the madmothers with their howls confused/Do break theclouds,”而發(fā)瘋的母親們狂呼亂嚎,她們的慘叫直刺云霄。
4. open by violence,break in打開,闖入。
△Ham.4.5.111(112): “The doors are broke.”門被沖開了。
5. burst through 沖破。
△Mac.2.4.16: “Turned wildin nature,broke their stalls,flung out,”忽然變得野性,不馴,沖破馬廄,橫沖直闖。
△H.Ⅴ.4.5.6:“Why,all ourranks are broke.”唉呀,我們的隊伍全被沖散了。
6. interrupt打斷。
△Wiv.3.4.22:“Break their talk,Mistress Quickly,my kinsman shall speak for him-self.”打斷他們的談話,桂嫂,我這位表弟有話要親自說說。
△2H.Ⅳ.4.5. 66 (67): “For this the foolish over careful fathers/ Have broke their sleep withthoughts,their brains with care,/ Their bones withindustry;”為了這個,愚蠢而過分擔(dān)心的父親由于種種憂慮而打斷了他們的睡眠,由于煩惱而攪亂了他們的腦筋,由于勤勞而累斷了他們的骨頭。
△R.Ⅲ.1.4.76:“Sorrow breaks seasonsand reposing hours. / Makes the night morning andthe noontide night.”悲哀打斷了季節(jié)和休息的時刻,使得夜晚變成早晨、中午變成夜晚。
7. stem. check擋住,阻止。
△H.Ⅷ.3.2.197(196):“yet my duty,/ As doth a rock against the chidingflood,/Should the approach of this wild riverbreak,/ And stand unshaken yours.” (“Break” and“stand” follow the auxiliary “should”.)但是我的忠心,就像巖石面對著喧囂的潮流,擋住狂暴的河水,巍然屹立,為陛下效忠。
8. violate,not to keep,infringe 違反,違背,侵犯
△2H.Ⅳ.4.5.116(117): “Pluck down my officers,break my decrees,”打倒我的官吏,違反我的法令。
△1H.Ⅵ.4.3.31:“I break my warlike word;”我違背了一個軍人的諾言。
△3H.Ⅵ.2.2.89: “Since when hisoath is broke;”在那以后,他的誓言被毀棄了。
△R.Ⅲ.3.1.46:“Weigh it but with the grossness of this are,/Youbreak not Sanctuary in seizing him.”只要用當(dāng)代的粗魯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量這件事,你去抓他就不算侵犯圣堂。
9. broach,impart,disclose首次宣布,告訴,泄露。
△Mac.1.7.47: “What beast was’t then/That made youbreak this enterprise to me?”那么,是什么畜生使得你把這件事透露給我的。
△1H.Ⅵ.1.3.82(81):“But we shallmeet and break our minds at large.”但是我們總還會再見面,并且把我們心里的話都詳詳細細說出來的。
10. open. reveal揭開,表明。
△H.Ⅴ.5.2.263 (244):“therefore,Queen of all,Katherine,break thy mindto me in broken English: wilt thou have me?”所以,凱瑟琳,萬人的女王,用片片斷斷的英國話向我表明你的心意吧:你愿意要我嗎?
11. crack (a joke) 說(笑話)。
△Ado.2.3.256 (236):“broken on me.”說給我聽。
12. train 訓(xùn)練。
△Shr.2.1.148(147): “break her tothe lute”,教她學(xué)會彈琴。
13. break up打破。
△Mac.3.4.109(108):“You havedisplaced the mirth,broke the good meeting,”你掃掉了大家的高興,破壞了這次盛會。
14. crush,impair,ruin壓垮,損害,使毀滅。
△H.Ⅷ.4.2.21:“An old man,broken with the storms of state,”一個被政界的風(fēng)暴所摧毀的老人。
15. Com. 3. 1. 73-77:兩個Dromio利用break一詞的多義互相嘲罵——?Com.3. 1.73:“break ope the gate,”把門打開;
?Com.3. 1.74:“break any breaking”,i.e.break anything. 打壞了什么東西;“break your knave’spate”,打破你這混蛋的腦袋;
?Com.3.1.75:“break aword with you”,i.e.exchange words with you. 跟你說話;
?Com. 3. 1. 76: “break it”,i.e. break wind.放屁;
?Com,3.1.77:“thou want’st breaking,”你缺少管教。(breaking,馴獸。)
~ vi.
1. force one’s way,escape強行開辟道路,逃跑。
△R.Ⅲ.1.4.9:“Methought that I had broken from theTower/And was embarked to cross to Burgundy,”我覺得我仿佛從倫敦塔里逃出去,上船渡海到勃艮第。
2. burst,discharge 迸發(fā),流出。
△Lr.1.4. 322 (298):“That these hot tears,which break from me per- force,”我這情不自禁進發(fā)出的熱淚。
3. reveal,disclose透露,揭示。
△Gent.3.1.59: “I am to break with thee of some affairs”,我要告訴你一些事情。
4. become bankrupt破產(chǎn)。
△Mer.3.1.122(114): “he cannot choose but break.”他除了破產(chǎn)無路可走。
5. break the promise,fail 違背諾言,不履約。
△Mer.1.3.137(136):“Who if he break,thou mayst with better face/Exact the penalty.”他,假使到期不還,你可以板起面孔要求照約處罰。
6.?break the promise違背諾言。
?go bankrupt破產(chǎn)。
△2H.IV.Epil.12(11):“which,it like an ill venture it come unluckily home,I break,and you. my gentle creditors,lose.”如果它像是一次失敗的海上冒險生意,船倒霉地回來,我破產(chǎn)了(雙關(guān):違背諾言),你們各位好心的債主們也受了損失。
Phrases & Expressions:
break across: give a cut on打破。
△Tw.5.1.179(175):“He has broke(= broken) my head across.”他打破了我的頭。
break a lance: have a tilting match.enter into a contest of martial arts持矛騎馬比武,進行比武。
△1H.VI.32. 50: “What will you do. good greybeard? Break a lance,And run a-tilt at Death within a chair?”你要干什么,老頭兒? 要坐在轎子里跟死神挺槍比武嗎?
break forth: burst forth爆發(fā)。
△Lr.1.4.225(203):“Do hourly carp and quarrel,breaking forth / In rank and not-to-be-endured riots.”時時找岔子吵鬧,不斷爆發(fā)為粗暴而不能容忍的亂子。
break forth in: break forth into 迸發(fā)出。
△1H.IV. 31.27 (26):“Diseased nature oftentimes breaks forth,In strange eruptions;”患病的大自然常常會突然迸發(fā)出奇異的災(zāi)變。
break in: force one’s way,enter violently強行通過,闖入。
△3H.VI.1.1.29:“For hither we have broken in by force.”因為我們已經(jīng)使用武力闖進這里來了。
break off: ?bring...to an end把…結(jié)束。
△3H.VI.3.3. 38: “Renowned queen,with patience calm the storm/While we bethink a means to break it off.” i.e. make the political disturbance cease. 聲名昭著的王后,請耐心一點,把你的激烈風(fēng)暴平息下來,等我想一個辦法把這種局面結(jié)束。
?discontinue to speak,cease conversation中斷講話,停止談話。
△2H.VI.2.2.77:“My lord,break we off. We know your mind at full.”大人,我們不必再談了,你的心意我們完全了解。
△2H.VI.3.1.325:“And so break off,the day is almost spent;”別再談話了,這一天快過完了。
△R.III.3.7.41: “And even here brake off.and came away.”(brake: broke.) 我到此就停止講話,離開了。
break one’s day: fail to pay on the due date到期不還。
△Mer.1.3.164(163): “If he should break his day,what should I gain/By the exaction of the forfei-ture?”如果他到期不還,我強迫索要那種罰物,對我又有什么好處?
break out: force one’s way out,burst from restraint突圍,突破。
△2H.IV.4.4 120:“l(fā)ife looks through andwill break out.”生命暴露在外而且就要突圍而出了。
break the neck of the wax: break the seal把封蠟打開。
△L.L.L.4.1.59: “Break the neck of the wax,and every one give ear.”切斷封蠟的頸子(把封蠟打開——繼續(xù)使用“閹雞”這一比喻),每人都聽著。
break to: break out into爆發(fā)為。
△Rom.Pro. 3:“From ancient grudge break to new mutiny.” 累世的宿怨激起了新的爭斗。
break up: ?carve,cut up切開,割開。
△L.L.L.4.1.56: “Break up this capon.”切開這只閹雞。
?open by vi-olence,burst through 猛然打開,沖破。
△1H.VI.1.3.13:“Break up the gates; I’ll be your warrantize.”把門打開:我保證你們沒事。
?burst open沖開。
△2H.VI.1.421(18):“The time when screech-owls cry,and ban-dogs howl,/ And spirits walk. and ghosts break up their graves;”這時候,夜貓子尖叫,看門狗狂嚎,精靈出來游蕩,鬼魂沖開了墳?zāi)埂?br/>?open(a letter)拆開(信)。
△Mer2.4.10: “An it shall please you to break up this. itshall seem to signify.”請你拆開這封信,好像它會告訴你。
?disperse解散。
△Ham.1.1.168:“Break we our watchup,”我們可以解散了。
break with: ? speak with,talk to同…說,跟…談。
△Gent.1.3.44:“now will we break with him.”我們現(xiàn)在就要對他談?wù)劇?br/>?inform,tell通知,告訴。
△1H.IV.3.1.142(141):“and withal/Break with your wives ofyour departure hence.”同時也把你們離開這里的事透露給你們二位的妻子。
△H.VIII.5.1.46: “with which theymoved / Have broken with the King.”他們?yōu)榇思づ饋?,已?jīng)把這事稟告國王。
?reveal to,divulge,makeknown向…透露,宣布,公布。
△ Ado.1.1.319 (309):“And I will break with her,and with her father.”我去向她說明,向她的父親說明。
?cease relations with不來往,中斷聯(lián)系。
△Wiv.3.2.58 (55): “I would not breakwith her for more money than I’ll speak of. ”我可不能跟她失約,哪怕我開口要多少錢,你就給我多少錢。
break words:?bandy words(not blows). exchangeangry words斗嘴(而不交手),與人惡言相加。
?breakpromises說話不算數(shù)。
△H.V.3.2.36(34):“For Pistol.he hath a killing tongue and a quiet sword: by themeans where of ’a (= he) breaks words,and keepswhole weapons”. 說起皮司多,他的舌頭鋒利,刀子卻遲鈍;所以他只會跟人斗嘴(雙關(guān):說話不算數(shù)),卻把武器收藏得好好的。

break[breik]

v. 改變,(節(jié)奏)中斷,暫停,停止,休息,暴跌,暴升,突破,打斷,打破,違犯,突然退出戰(zhàn)斗,飛機失速后突然下降 n. 裂縫,停歇,斷層,斷開,改變,中斷,暫停,停止,中場休息,課間休息,休息,霹靂舞,破音,換聲點,臺詞的偶然省略,動作的偶然省略
◇ break a butter fly on the wheel 小題大做
break a lance with sb. 和…爭論
break away(from)逃跑,擺脫,突然離開,反攻為守
break down 崩塌,失敗,垮掉,中斷,停歇,中場休息,癱瘓
break down break down the door to do sth.渴望,非常想
break in 破門而入,打斷,開始… /break in on (upon)打擾,打斷
break into 破門而入,突然…起來,侵占
break ...of... 使…改掉… break off 結(jié)束,斷絕(關(guān)系),突然停止講話,中止,休息
break one’s oath 違背誓言
break out 爆發(fā),突然出現(xiàn),逃走
break through 突破,沖過
break up into 分成,分解
break up 打碎,分裂(散),驅(qū)散,散會,結(jié)束
break with 結(jié)束,與…絕交
go broke 破產(chǎn)
without a break不斷地,不停歇地
‖ break a case 破案
break a deposit 提前支取不到期限存款
break a jest 講笑話
break a leg 演出成功
break a loan 提前歸還不到期借款
break a marriage 離婚
break an agreement 變卦
break a rule to administration破格錄取
break a rule to engage sb.破格錄用
break a rule to promote sb. 破格提拔
break a star 毀壞明星的聲譽
break a trail through snow 踢雪開道
break a will 取消遺囑
break away from the formation 脫離編隊
breakaway attack 快速反擊
breakaway cockpit unit 彈射座艙
breakaway rider 擺脫了車群的運動員
breakaway scenery 活景
break back 突然反向行進擾亂對方防御
break bulk 拆零銷售
break-bulk cargo 散裝貨
break character 行為與性格不符的人物
break clear 擺脫
break contact 退出戰(zhàn)斗
break contract 違反合同
break dance 霹靂舞
break dancer 霹靂舞演員
breakdown and regime change 倒臺與政權(quán)更迭
breakdown scenery 可拆卸的道具 (布景)break-down clause 船舶故障條款
breakdown gang 救援隊
breakdown lorry 救援車輛
breakdown of a family 家庭破裂
breakdown of gun 槍支損壞
breakdown of marriage 婚姻破裂
breakdown of negotiation 談判破裂
breakdown of price and costs 價格和成本分類
breakdown of social control 社會控制的破壞
break equalitarianism 打破平均主義
break even 成績相等,打成平手,收支相抵保本
break-even analysis 保本分析,盈虧分析
break-even chart 損益平衡表
break-even computation 保 本 計 算
break-even exchange rate 兩平匯率
break-even investment 保本投資
break-even level 損益兩平水準(zhǔn)
break-even method 保本計算法
break-even model 保本模式
break-even point 保本點,損益平衡點,盈虧平衡點
break-even point analysis 損益平衡點分析
break-even price 保本價格
break-even value 拆賣價值 break-even volume 盈虧平衡產(chǎn)量
break faith 背信棄義
break flee 擺脫對方防守
break forth 突然發(fā)生
break hibernation 開始一個演出季
break hold 解脫,解開抓握
break in load 張力
break in service 中斷服務(wù)
break in the market 市價暴跌
break into an opening 突破
break laws and violate discipline 違法亂紀(jì)
break long 作長距離突破
break loose 擺脫(對方防守)break off a friendship 斷交
break off a hold 解脫
break off diplomatic relations 斷交
break off relations 絕交
break of service 接發(fā)球得分
break one off 投出曲線球
break out of an encirclement 突圍
break out of character 跳出角色
break out of prison 越獄
break phenomenon 突破現(xiàn)象
break prison 越獄
break prohibition 違禁
break promiser 食言者
break regional blockades and trade monopolies 打破地區(qū)封鎖和行業(yè)壟斷
break rules 犯規(guī)
break sheet不協(xié)調(diào)交易的清單
break start 搶跑
break the barrel 槍管下折
break the bridge 壓橋
break the contract 毀約,撕毀合同
break the deadlock 打破僵局
break the four contacts with the track 雙腳雙手離開地面,四個支點離開地面
break the law on a serious scale 嚴(yán)重違法
break the law 違法,犯法
break the pale 越界
break the record 打破紀(jì)錄
break the rules 犯規(guī)
break the surface of water 露出水面
break through all kinds of obstacle 沖破種種阻力
break up 從前場向后快速移動,散開
break up an attack 破壞一次攻勢
break up fight 制止斗毆
break up the “iron rice bowl”打破 “鐵飯碗”/break up price財產(chǎn)清理價格
break up value 拆賣價值
break variation 插入節(jié)奏變奏
historical breakthrough 歷史性突破
broke swim 分段游
broken amble 破側(cè)對步,花側(cè)對步
broken ball 破球
broken cloud 裂云,碎云
broken down actor 落魄演員
broken dribble兩次運球
broken family 破裂家庭
broken home 破裂的家庭
broken lot 證券交易中低于單位交易零星交易量
broken marriage 破裂的婚姻
broken mast 斷桅
broken paddle斷槳
broken pole 斷竿
broken rack 快慢步
broken set 分段游組
broken shuttle 壞球
broken space 空艙位
broken stick 球桿折斷
broken stone road 碎石路
broken swim 發(fā)段游
broken target 破靶
breaking ball 拐彎的球
breaking ball side 球同側(cè)突破
breaking load 繩索張力
breaking point 強度極限
breaking strategies 突破型策略
breaking stress(繩索)破壞應(yīng)力 breaking the syndicate解散財團
breakable adj. 易碎的
breakable crust 易碎雪層
breakage n. 損耗,損耗補償費,損耗折扣
breakage risks 破損險
breakaway n. 脫離目標(biāo),突然改變航向,脫逃,甩開,擺脫
breakback n. 彈回安全器
break-club 可能破壞球棒的障礙物
breakdown n. 崩潰,衰弱,細目分類,損壞,故障,分解(裂)breakeven adj. 無損壞的,無盈虧的
break-in n. 插入,擠入,軋碎
breaking n.breakdown n. 破碎,折斷,擊穿,分解(裂)breaking-even n. 無虧損經(jīng)營
breakneck adj. 極危險的
breakoff n. 斷開
breakout n. 爆發(fā),強行越獄
breakout play將球打出守區(qū)
breakout room 可分隔成小間的大廳
break-over n. 轉(zhuǎn)折,穿透
breakpoint n. 轉(zhuǎn)折點
breakup n.破裂,分裂
breakup unit 自炸裝置
breakwater n. 防波堤
breakwind n. 擋風(fēng)設(shè)備,防風(fēng)林(墻) broke adj.破了產(chǎn)的
broken adj.broken-down adj.身體很衰的
broken-hearted adj. 心碎的

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