| 釋義 |
歷史學(xué)lì shǐ xuéHistory阿爾弗雷德大帝 [ā ěr fú léi dé dà dì] [Britain] Alfred the Great [849-899] 阿拉伯帝國(guó) [ā lā bó dì ɡuó] Arab Empire 阿摩西斯一世 [ā mó xī sī yī shì] [Egypt] Amosis I 阿育王 [ā yù wánɡ] [India] Asoka (reigned 273-232 B.C.) 埃及帝國(guó) [āi jí dì ɡuó] Egyptian Empire 艾德諾 [ài dé nuò] [Germany] Konrad Adenauer [1876-1967] 愛伯特 [ài bó tè] [Germany] Frederich Ebert [1871-1925] 愛德華八世 [ài dé huá bā shì] [Britain] King Edward VIII [1894-1972] 愛琴文化 [ài qín wén huà] Aegean Civilization 愛琴文明 [ài qín wén mínɡ] Aegean Civilization 安得魯·杰克遜 [ān dé lǔ jié kè xùn] [USA] Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) 安得魯·約翰遜 [ān dé lǔ yuē hàn xùn] [USA] Andrew Johnson (1808-1875) 安東尼 [ān dōnɡ ní] [Rome] Marcus Autonius [83?-30 B.C.] 岸信介 [àn xìn jiè] [Japan] Kishi Nobusuke (1896-1987) 奧蘭治自由邦 [ào lán zhì zì yóu bānɡ] Orange Free State 奧斯曼帝國(guó) [ào sī màn dì ɡuó] Ottoman Empire 奧托一世 [ào tuō yī shì] [Germany] Otto I (912-973) 八旗 [bā qí] [China] Eight Banners (in Manchu Army) 巴士底監(jiān)獄 [bā shì dǐ jiān yù] Bastille; Tower of Bastille 白蓮教 [bái lián jiào] [China] White Lotus Sect 柏林會(huì)議 [bó lín huì yì] Berlin Conference 百日維新 [bǎi rì wéi xīn] [China] Hundred Days’ Reform 拜占庭帝國(guó) [bài zhān tínɡ dì ɡuó] Byzantine Empire 暴君 [bào jūn] tyrant 北朝 [běi cháo] [China] Northern Dynasty 北京人 [běi jīnɡ rén] [China] Peking/Beijing Man; Sinanthropus 北齊文宣帝高洋 [běi qí wén xuān dì ɡāo yánɡ] [China] Gao Yang, Emperor Wen-xuan of the Northern QiDynasty 北宋 [běi sònɡ] [China] Northern Song Dynasty 北宋太祖趙匡胤 [běi sònɡ tài zǔ zhào kuānɡ yìn] [China] Zhao Kuangyin, Emporor Taizu of the Northern Song 北洋軍閥 [běi yánɡ jūn fá] [China] Peiyang/Beiyang/northern warlords 北周孝愍帝宇文覺 [běi zhōu xiào mǐn dì yǔ wén jué] [China] Yuwen Jue, Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Chou Dynasty 貝當(dāng) [bèi dānɡ] [France] Henry Philippe Petain (1856-1951) 貝殼彈劾 [bèi ké tán hé] [ancient Greece] ostracism 本杰明·富蘭克林 [běn jié mínɡ fù lán kè lín] [USA] Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) 本杰明·哈里遜 [běn jié mínɡ hā lǐ xùn] [USA] Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901) 比爾·克林頓 [bǐ ěr kè lín dùn] [USA] Bill Clinton [1946- ] 彼得大帝 [bǐ dé dà dì] [Russia] Peter the Great (1672-1725) 俾斯麥 [bǐ sī mài] Otto Von Bistaarck (1815-1898) 幣制 [bì zhì] coinage; monetary system 變法 [biàn fǎ] (political) reform 兵部 [bīnɡ bù] [China] Ministry of War 兵制 [bīnɡ zhì] military system 波利瓦 [bō lì wǎ] [Venezuela] Simon Bolivar (1783-1830) 波旁王朝 [bō pánɡ wánɡ cháo] Bourbon Dynasty 波斯帝國(guó) [bō sī dì ɡuó] Persian Empire 伯里克利斯 [bó lǐ kè lì sī] [Athens] Pericles 伯羅奔尼撒聯(lián)盟 [bó luó bēn ní sā lián ménɡ] Peloponnesian League 不列顛帝國(guó) [bù liè diān dì ɡuó] British Empire 布爾什維克黨 [bù ěr shén wéi kè dǎnɡ] Bolshevik Party 布魯特斯 [bù lǔ tè sī] [Rome] Marcus Brutus (85-42 B.C.) 彩陶文化 [cǎi táo wén huà] Painted Pottery Culture; Yang Shao Culture 查理曼大帝 [chá lǐ màn dà dì] [Kingdom of the Franks] Charles the Great; Charlemagne (742-814) 查理一世 [chá lǐ yī shì] [Britain] Charles I (1600-1649); [Spain] Charles I (1500-1558) 查士丁尼大帝 [chá shì dīnɡ ní dà dì] [Rome] Justinian the Great (483-565) 常勝軍 [chánɡ shènɡ jūn] Ever Triumphant Army 陳武帝陳霸先 [chén wǔ dì chén bà xiān] [China] Chen Baxian, Emperor Wu of the Chen Dynasty 丞相 [chénɡ xiànɡ] ancicent term for secretary of state; prime minster 成康之治 [chénɡ kānɡ zhī zhì] [China] enlightened administration of the Cheng-Kang period (in the Zhou dynasty) 敕令 [chì lìnɡ] imperial order 出帝石重貴 [chū dì shí chónɡ ɡuì] [China] Shi Chonggui, Emperor Chu of the Later Jin Dynasty 春秋 [chūn qiū] [China] Chun Qiu; Spring and Autumn Period [722-481 B.C.] 達(dá)拉第 [dá lā dì] [France] Edouard Daladier (1884-1970) 大流士 [dà liú shì] [Persia] Darius (reigned 522-486 B.C.) 大陸會(huì)議 [dà lù huì yì] continental congress 大陸制度 [dà lù zhì dù] continental system 大平正芳 [dà pínɡ zhènɡ fānɡ] [Japan] Ohira Masayoshi (1910?-1980) 大希臘 [dà xī là] Greater Greece 戴高樂 [dài ɡāo lè] [France] de Gaulle (1890-1970) 戴克里先 [dài kè lǐ xiān] [Rome] Diocletian (245-313) 丹敦 [dān dūn] [France] Georges J. Danton (1759-1794) 道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟 [dào ɡé lā sī mài kè ā sè] [USA] Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964) 德川家康 [dé chuān jiā kānɡ] [Japan] Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616) 德意志帝國(guó) [dé yì zhì dì ɡuó] German Empire 登基 [dēnɡ jī] ascend the throne 登位 [dēnɡ wèi] ascend the throne 迪奧多·羅斯福 [dí ào duō luó sī fú] [USA] Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) 迪斯雷利 [dí sī léi lì] [Britain] Benjemin Disraeli (1804-1881) 狄奧多西大帝 [dí ào duō xī dà dì] [Rome] Theodosius the Great (346-395) 第三階級(jí) [dì sān jiē jí] third estate [the commons] 東漢光武帝劉秀 [dōnɡ hàn ɡuānɡ wǔ dì liú xiù] [China] Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty 東晉元帝司馬睿 [dōnɡ jìn yuán dì sī mǎ ruì] [China] Sima Rui, Emperor Yuan of the Eastern Jin 東條英機(jī) [dōnɡ tiáo yīnɡ jī] [Japan] Tojo Hideki (1884-1948) 東魏孝靜帝元善見 [dōnɡ wèi xiào jìnɡ dì yuán shàn jiàn] [China] Yuan Shanjian, Emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty 東周平王 [dōnɡ zhōu pínɡ wánɡ] [China] King Ping of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty 都察院 [dū chá yuàn] Court of Censors 都鐸王朝 [dū duō wánɡ cháo] Tudor Monarchs 法國(guó)革命 [fǎ ɡuó ɡé mìnɡ] French Revolution 法蘭西第二共和國(guó) [fǎ lán xī dì èr ɡònɡ hé ɡuó] Second Republic in France 法蘭西第三共和國(guó) [fǎ lán xī dì sān ɡònɡ hé ɡuó] Third Republic in France 法蘭西斯一世 [fǎ lán xī sī yī shì] [France] Francis I (1494-1547) 法老 [fǎ lǎo] pharaoh 法西斯黨 [fǎ xī sī dǎnɡ] Fascist Party 凡爾賽宮 [fán ěr sài ɡōnɡ] Versailles 反基督教運(yùn)動(dòng) [fǎn jī dū jiào yùn dònɡ] anti-Christian campaign 腓力二世 [féi lì èr shì] [Spain] Philip Ⅱ (1527-1598) 腓力五世 [féi lì wǔ shì] [Spain] Philip Ⅴ (1683-1746) 斐迪南 [fěi dí nán] [Austria] Francis Ferdinand 廢王位 [fèi wánɡ wèi] depose 豐臣秀吉 [fēnɡ chén xiù jí] [Japan] Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598) 封建制度 [fēnɡ jiàn zhì dù] feudalism; feudal system 楓丹白露宮 [fēnɡ dān bái lù ɡōnɡ] Fontainbleau 弗朗哥 [fú lǎnɡ ɡē] [Spain] Francisco Franco (1892-1975) 復(fù)辟 [fù bì] restoration; the Restoration 富蘭克林·得拉諾·羅斯福 [fù lán kè lín dé lā nuò luó sī fú] [USA] Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) 富蘭克林·皮爾斯 [fù lán kè lín pí ěr sī] [USA] Franklin Pierce (1804-1869) 甘必大 [ɡān bì dà] [France] Leon Gambetta (1838-1882) 甘地 [ɡān dì] [India] Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) 格萊斯頓 [ɡé lái sī dùn] [Britain] William E. Gladston [1809-1898] 格羅弗·克里夫蘭 [ɡé ló fú kè lǐ fū lán] [USA] Grover Cleveland (1837-1908) 工部 [ɡōnɡ bù] Board of Works 工業(yè)革命 [ɡōnɡ yè ɡé mìnɡ] Industrial Revolution 恭帝柴宗訓(xùn) [ɡōnɡ dì chái zōnɡ xùn] [China] Chai Zongxun, Emperor Gong of the Later Zhou Dynasty 恭帝元廓 [ɡōnɡ dì yuán kuò] [China] Yuan Kuo, Emperor Gong of the Western Wei Dynasty 共和革命 [ɡònɡ hé ɡé mìnɡ] democratic revolution 古典文明 [ɡǔ diǎn wén mínɡ] classical civilization 關(guān)稅同盟 [ɡuān shuì tónɡ ménɡ] German Zollverein 官制 [ɡuān zhì] system of officials 光榮革命 [ɡuānɡ rónɡ ɡé mìnɡ] Glorious Revolution 國(guó)號(hào) [ɡuó hào] title of a reigning dynasty 國(guó)民革命 [ɡuó mín ɡé mìnɡ] National Revolution 國(guó)子監(jiān) [ɡuó zǐ jiān] Imperial College 翰林院 [hàn lín yuàn] [China] Imperial Academy 漢摩拉比 [hàn mó lā bǐ] [Babylon] Hammurabi (reigned ca.2123-2081 B.C.) 漢尼拔 [hàn ní bá] [Carthage] Hannibal (247-183 B.C.) 荷馬時(shí)代 [hé mǎ shí dài] Homeric Age 和帝蕭寶融 [hé dì xiāo bǎo rónɡ] [China] Xiao Baorong, Emperor He of the Qi Dynasty 赫伯特·胡佛 [hè bó tè hú fú] [USA] Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) 赫魯曉夫 [hè lǔ xiǎo fū] [Russia] Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (1894-1971) 黑暗時(shí)期 [hēi àn shí qī] Dark Ages 黑陶文化 [hēi táo wén huà] Black Pottery Culture 亨利·杜魯門 [hēnɡ lì dù lǔ mén] [USA] Harry S. Truman (1884-1972) 亨利八世 [hēnɡ lì bā shì] [Britain] Henry VIII (1491-1547) 亨利四世 [hēnɡ lì sì shì] [France] Henry IV (1553-1610) 洪憲帝制 [hónɡ xiàn dì zhì] [China] Hong Xian Monarchy (Yuan Shikai) 紅衫軍團(tuán) [hónɡ shān jūn tuán] Red Shirts 后漢高祖劉知遠(yuǎn) [hòu hàn ɡāo zǔ liú zhī yuǎn] [China] Liu Zhiyuan, Emperor Gaozu of the Later Han Dynasty 后主陳叔寶 [hòu zhǔ chén shū bǎo] [China] Chen Shubao, Later Master of the Chen Dynasty 后主劉禪 [hòu zhǔ liú chán] [China] Liu Chan, Later Master (in Three Kingdoms) 胡夫金字塔 [hú fū jīn zì tǎ] [Egypt] Pyramid of King Khufuor Cheops 胡夫王 [hú fū wánɡ] [Egypt] Khufu (reigned 2900-2877 B.C.) 護(hù)法運(yùn)動(dòng) [hù fǎ yùn dònɡ] [China] Constitution Protection Movement 護(hù)國(guó)軍 [hù ɡuó jūn] [China] Nation Protection Army 護(hù)民官 [hù mín ɡuān] [ancient Rome] tribune 戶部 [hù bù] [China] Ministry of Revenue 華倫·嘉馬黎爾·哈定 [huá lún jiā mǎ lí ěr hā dìnɡ] [USA] Warren Gamaliel Harding (1865-1923) 懷特·大衛(wèi)·艾森豪威爾 [huái tè dà wèi ài sēn háo wēi ěr] [USA] Dwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) 淮軍 [huái jūn] [China] Huai Army 宦官專政 [huàn ɡuān zhuān zhènɡ] dominance of the eunuchs 黃帝 [huánɡ dì] [China] Yellow Emperor (2697-2589 B.C.) 皇家學(xué)會(huì) [huánɡ jiā xué huì] royal society 回教文明 [huí jiào wén mínɡ] Moslem Civilization 霍亨索倫 [huò hēnɡ suǒ lún] [Germany] Hohenzollern 吉備真?zhèn)?[jí bèi zhēn bèi] [Japan] Kibi Mabi (695-775) 吉米·卡特 [jí mǐ kǎ tè] [USA] Jimmy Carter; Jimmy James Earl Carter (1924- ) 吉田茂 [jí tián mào] [Japan] Yoshida Shigeru [1878-1967] 加爾文·柯立芝 [jiā ěr wén kē lì zhī] [USA] Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933) 加富爾 [jiā fù ěr] [Italy] Camillo B Cavour (1810-1861) 加里波底 [jiā lǐ bō dǐ] [Italy] Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) 加盟共和國(guó) [jiā ménɡ ɡònɡ hé ɡuó] Union Republics 加拿大自治領(lǐng) [jiā ná dà zì zhì lǐnɡ] Dominion of Canada 教皇國(guó) [jiào huánɡ ɡuó] Papal State 教會(huì)聯(lián)盟 [jiào huì lián ménɡ] federation of churches 節(jié)度使 [jié dù shǐ] [China] provincial governor (in charge of civil and military affairs in the Tang Dynasty) 杰諾得·魯?shù)婪颉じL?[jié nuò dé lǔ dào fū fú tè] [USA] Gerald Rudolph Ford (1913- ) 金太祖完顏阿骨打 [jīn tài zǔ wán yán ā ɡǔ dǎ] [China] Wanyan Akutta, Emperor Taizu of the Jin Dynasty 金印詔書 [jīn yìn zhào shū] Golden Bull 金字塔時(shí)期 [jīn zì tǎ shí qī] Age of the Pyramids 進(jìn)士 [jìn shì] [China] former third degree candidate in the national civil service examination; Palace graduate 近代文明 [jìn dài wén mínɡ] modern civilization 敬帝蕭方智 [jìnɡ dì xiāo fānɡ zhì] [China] Xiao Fangzhi, Emperor Jingof the Liang Dynasty 九品中正制 [jiǔ pǐn zhōnɡ zhènɡ zhì] [China] nine grades of rank in former regimes 舊石器時(shí)代 [jiù shí qì shí dài] Old Stone Age; Palaeolithic Age 居魯士 [jū lǔ shì] [Persia] Cyrus (600-529 B.C.) 舉人 [jǔ rén] [China] former second degree candidate in the provincial examination 均勢(shì) [jūn shì] balance of power 均田制 [jūn tián zhì] land allocation system 軍備會(huì)議 [jūn bèi huì yì] arms conference 軍機(jī)處 [jūn jī chù] [China] Ministry of Defense [under Manchu government] 軍機(jī)大臣 [jūn jī dà chén] [China] minister of defence 軍事獨(dú)裁 [jūn shì dú cái] military dictatorship 軍政 [jūn zhènɡ] military administration 君士坦丁大帝 [jūn shì tǎn dīnɡ dà dì] [Rome] Constantine the Great [280?-337] 郡國(guó)制 [jùn ɡuó zhì] system of prefectures and principalities 郡縣制 [jùn xiàn zhì] system of prefectures and counties 卡洛林王朝 [kǎ luò lín wánɡ cháo] Carolingian Dynasty 開明君主 [kāi mínɡ jūn zhǔ] enlightened despot 開元之治 [kāi yuán zhī zhì] [China] enlightened administration of the Kaiyuan period (in the Tang dynasty) 凱末爾·阿塔土克 [kǎi mò ěr ā tǎ tǔ kè] [Turkey] Kemal Ataturk [1881-1938] 凱撒 [kǎi sā] [Rome] Julius Caesar (102 or 100-44 B.C.) 凱薩琳大帝 [kǎi sà lín dà dì] [Russia] Catherine the Great (1729-1796) 科爾伯特 [kē ěr bó tè] [France] Jean Colbert (1619-1683) 科舉制度 [kē jǔ zhì dù] [China] civil service examination system 克拉蘇 [kè lā sū] [Rome] Licinius Crassus (115?-53 B.C.) 克里蒙梭 [kè lǐ ménɡ suō] [France] Georges Clemenceau (1841-1929) 克利歐佩特拉 [kè lì ōu pèi tè lā] [Egypt] Cleopatra (69-30 B.C.) 克倫斯基 [kè lún sī jī] [Russia] Alexander Feodorovich Kerensky (1881-1970) 克倫威爾 [kè lún wēi ěr] [Britain] Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) 拉丁美洲革命 [lā dīnɡ měi zhōu ɡé mìnɡ] Latin-American Revolution 萊茵邦聯(lián) [lái yīn bānɡ lián] Confederation of the Rhine 勞埃德·喬治 [láo āi dé qiáo zhì] [Britain] David Lloyd George (1863-1945) 理查·米赫斯·尼克松 [lǐ chá mǐ hè sī ní kè sōng ] [USA] Richard Milhous Nixon (1913-1994) 理藩院 [lǐ fān yuàn] [China] Ministry of Tribal Affairs (of the Qing Dynasty) 禮部 [lǐ bù] [China] Minisery of Rites and Ceremonies 吏部 [lì bù] [China] Minisery of Personnel 聯(lián)邦條例 [lián bānɡ tiáo lì] articles of confederation 連橫 [lián hénɡ] [China] "unite and conquer" policy [in Warring States Period] 梁武帝蕭衍 [liánɡ wǔ dì xiāo yǎn] [China] Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty 兩稅法 [liǎnɡ shuì fǎ] [China] Semiannual Tax System (in the Tang Dynasty) 兩西西里王國(guó) [liǎnɡ xī xī lǐ wánɡ ɡuó] Kingdom of two Sicilies 遼太祖耶律阿保機(jī) [liáo tài zǔ yē lǜ ā bǎo jī] [China] Yelü Abaoji, Emperor Taizu of the Liao Dynasty 列寧 [liè nínɡ] [Russia] Nicholas Lenin (1870-1924) 鈴木善幸 [línɡ mù shàn xìnɡ] [Japan] Suzuki Zenkou (1911- ) 龍山文化 [lónɡ shān wén huà] Black Pottery Culture; Lung Shan Culture 盧浮宮 [lú fú ɡōnɡ] Louvre 路易拿破侖 [lù yì ná pò lún] [France] Louis Napoleon (1808-1873) 路易十六 [lù yì shí liù] [France] Louis XVI (1754-1793) 路易十三 [lù yì shí sān] [France] Louis XIII (1601-1643) 路易十四 [lù yì shí sì] [France] Louis XIV (1638-1715) 路易腓力 [lù yì féi lì] [France] Louis Philippe (1773-1850) 律制 [lǜ zhì] legal system 羅伯斯比 [luó bó sī bǐ] [France] Robespierre [1758-1794] 羅納德·威爾遜·里根 [luó nà dé wēi ěr xùn lǐ ɡēn] [USA] Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911- ) 羅斯?!げ榈隆ずK?[luó sī fú bó chú dé hǎi sī] [USA] Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1822-1893) 瑪麗二世 [mǎ lì èr shì] [Britain] Mary II [1662-1694] 馬丁·范·布倫 [mǎ dīnɡ fàn bù lún] [USA] Martin Van Buren (1782-1862) 馬其頓的腓力 [mǎ qí dùn de féi lì] Philip of Macedon (382-336 B.C.) 馬薩林 [mǎ sà lín] [France] Jules Mazarin (1602-1661) 馬歇爾 [mǎ xiē ěr] [USA] George C. Marshall (1880-1959) 馬志尼 [mǎ zhì ní] [Italy] Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) 麥錫尼時(shí)代 [mài xī ní shí dài] Mycenaean Age 毛奇元帥 [máo qí yuán shuài] [Germany] Helmuth Karl Moltke (1800-1891) 梅特涅 [méi tè niè] [Austria] Lothar von Metternich (1773-1859) 美國(guó)革命 [měi ɡuó ɡé mìnɡ] American Revolution 門下省 [mén xià shěnɡ] Ministry of Counseling and Functionary Management of a Dynasty 蒙古帝國(guó) [ménɡ ɡǔ dì ɡuó] Mongol Empire 米蘭公國(guó) [mǐ lán ɡōnɡ ɡuó] Milan Dukedom 米蘭詔書 [mǐ lán zhào shū] Edict of Milan 米勒·費(fèi)爾摩 [mǐ lè fèi ěr mó] [USA] Millard Fillmore (1800-1874) 民主時(shí)代 [mín zhǔ shí dài] age of democracy 愍帝司馬業(yè) [mǐn dì sī mǎ yè] [China] Sima Ye, Emperor Min of the Western Jin Dynasty 明太祖朱元璋 [mínɡ tài zǔ zhū yuán zhānɡ] [China] Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty 明治天皇 [mínɡ zhì tiān huánɡ] [Japan] Meiji Emperor (1852-1912) 墨索里尼 [mò suó lǐ ní] [Italy] Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) 募兵制 [mù bīnɡ zhì] voluntary military service system 木乃伊 [mù nǎi yī] mummy 拿破侖 [ná pò lún] [France] Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) 納爾遜將軍 [nà ěr xùn jiānɡ jūn] [Britain] Admiral Nelson (1758-1805) 南朝 [nán cháo] [China] Southern Dynasty 南非聯(lián)邦 [nán fēi lián bānɡ] Union of South Africa 南宋高宗趙構(gòu) [nán sònɡ ɡāo zōnɡ zhào ɡòu] [China] Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song 南特詔書 [nán tè zhào shū] Edict of Nantes 內(nèi)閣 [nèi ɡé] Cabinet; Grand Secretariat 內(nèi)閣會(huì)議 [nèi ɡé huì yì] English cabinet; cabinet council 尼古拉二世 [ní ɡǔ lā èr shì] [Russia] Nicholas II (1868-1918) 尼祿 [ní lù] [Rome] Nero (37-68) 年號(hào) [nián hào] title of emperor’s reign 農(nóng)業(yè)時(shí)代 [nónɡ yè shí dài] age of agriculture 帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟 [pà tái nónɡ shén miào] [Athens] Parthenon Temple 龐培 [pánɡ péi] [Rome] Pompey (106-48 B.C.) 皮拉斯 [pí lā sī] [Epirus] Pyrrhus (318-272 B.C.) 齊高帝蕭道成 [qí ɡāo dì xiāo dào chénɡ] [China] Xiao Daocheng, Emperor Gaodi of the Qi Dynasty (in Southern Dynasty) 啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng) [qǐ ménɡ yùn dònɡ] the Enlightenment 前漢 [qián hàn] [China] Former Han Dynasty 喬治·哈伯特·沃克·布什 [qiáo zhì hā bó tè wò kè bù shí] (USA) George Herbert Walker Bush [1924- ] 喬治·華盛頓 [qiáo zhì huá shènɡ dùn] [USA] George Washington (1732-1799) 切斯特·亞蘭·亞瑟 [qiè sī tè yà lán yà sè] [USA] Chester Alan Arthur (1829-1886) 欽宗趙桓 [qīn zōnɡ zhào huán] [China] Zhao Huan, Emperor Qinzong of the Northern Song 秦始皇嬴政 [qín shǐ huánɡ yínɡ zhènɡ] [China] Ying Zheng, First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty 清世祖福臨 [qīnɡ shì zǔ fú lín] [China] Fu Lin, Emperor Shizu of the Qing Dynasty 邱吉爾 [qiū jí ěr] [Britain] Winston L. S. Churchill (1874-1965) 權(quán)利請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?[quán lì qǐnɡ yuàn shū] Petition of Right 人權(quán)宣言 [rén quán xuān yán] Declaration of the Rights of Man 日耳曼邦聯(lián) [rì ěr màn bānɡ lián] German Confederation 薩丁尼亞王國(guó) [sà dīnɡ ní yà wánɡ ɡuó] Kingdom of Sardinia 薩爾恭一世 [sà ěr ɡōnɡ yī shì] [Akkad] Sargon I (ca.2334-2279) 薩克利·泰勒 [sà kè lì tài lè] [USA] Zachary Taylor (1784-1850) 三國(guó) [sān ɡuó] [China] Three Kingdoms 三國(guó)同盟 [sān ɡuó tónɡ ménɡ] Triple Alliance 三呼萬歲 [sān hū wàn suì] cheer; Hip, Hip, Hurrah! 沙列公爵 [shā liè ɡōnɡ jué] [France] Maximilien Sully (1560-1641) 山頂洞人 [shān dǐnɡ dònɡ rén] caveman 禪讓 [shàn rànɡ] non-hereditary imperial succession 商湯 [shānɡ tānɡ] Shang Dynasty 商業(yè)革命 [shānɡ yè ɡé mìnɡ] commercial revolution 商鞅變法 [shānɡ yānɡ biàn fǎ] [China] Reforms of Shang Yang 尚書省 [shànɡ shū shěnɡ] Council of Advisors to the Throne 燒炭黨 [shāo tàn dǎnɡ] [Italy] Carbonari 社會(huì)改革 [shè huì ɡǎi ɡé] social reform 神圣羅馬帝國(guó) [shén shènɡ luó mǎ dì ɡuó] Holy Rome Empire (Barbarossa, 1123?-1190) 神圣同盟 [shén shènɡ tónɡ ménɡ] Holy Alliance 圣馬丁 [shènɡ mǎ dīnɡ] [Latin America] Josede San Martin (1778-1850) 圣女貞德 [shènɡ nǚ zhēn dé] [France] Joan of Arc (1412-1431) 圣旨 [shènɡ zhǐ] imperial decree 十二木表法 [shí èr mù biǎo fǎ] Laws of Twelve Tables 十字軍 [shí zì jūn] Crusades 石器時(shí)代 [shí qì shí dài] Stone Age 史前時(shí)代 [shǐ qián shí dài] prehistoric age 世襲 [shì xí] hereditary system 勢(shì)力范圍 [shì lì fàn wéi] sphere of influence 弒君 [shì jūn] regicide 蜀昭烈帝劉備 [shǔ zhāo liè dì liú bèi] [China] Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of the Kingdom of Shuhan (in Three Kingdoms) 稅制 [shuì zhì] tax/taxation system 順帝劉準(zhǔn) [shùn dì liú zhǔn] [China] Liu Zhun, Emperor Shun (in Southern Dynasty) 斯大林 [sī dà lín] [Russia] Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) 絲綢之路 [sī chóu zhī lù] [China] Silk Route/Road 絲路 [sī lù] [China] Silk Route/Road 宋武帝劉裕 [sònɡ wǔ dì liú yù] [China] Liu Yu, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty 蘇拉 [sū lā] [Rome] Cornelius Sula 蘇里曼一世 [sū lǐ màn yī shì] [Ottoman-Turkey] Suleiman I (1496?-1566) 蘇維埃社會(huì)主義共和國(guó)聯(lián)邦 [sū wéi āi shè huì zhǔ yì ɡònɡ hé ɡuó lián bānɡ] the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) 隋文帝楊堅(jiān) [suí wén dì yánɡ jiān] [China] Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty 梭倫 [suō lún] [Athens] Solon (638?-558? B.C.) 所羅門王 [suǒ luó mén wánɡ] [Israel] King Solomon (ca.933 B.C.) 特雷莎女王 [tè léi shā nǚ wánɡ] [Austria] Queen Maria Theresa (1717-1780) 太廟 [tài miào] royal ancestral temple 太尉 [tài wèi] [China] official in charge of military affairs 唐高祖李淵 [tánɡ ɡāo zǔ lǐ yuān] [China] Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty 唐堯 [tánɡ yáo] [China] Tang/Emperor Yao 忒密斯托克利 [tè mì sī tuō kè lì] [Athens] Themistocles (524-460 B.C.) 提洛邦聯(lián) [tí luò bānɡ lián] Delian Confederation 天地會(huì) [tiān dì huì] [China] Heaven and Earth Society (in the Qing dynasty) 天理教 [tiān lǐ jiào] [China] Heaven Reason/principle Society (in the Qing dynasty) 天主教改革 [tiān zhǔ jiào ɡǎi ɡé] Catholic Reformation 田制 [tián zhì] farming system 田中義一 [tián zhōnɡ yì yī] [Japan] Tanaka Giichi (1863-1929) 鐵器時(shí)代 [tiě qì shí dài] Iron Age 鐵血政策 [tiě xuè zhènɡ cè] Blood and Iron Policy 同盟會(huì) [tónɡ ménɡ huì] United League; (Tung Meng Hui) 銅器時(shí)代 [tónɡ qì shí dài] Bronze Age 土地法案 [tǔ dì fǎ àn] land act 托洛茨基 [tuō luò cí jī] [Russia] Leo Trotsky (1877-1940) 托馬斯·杰斐遜 [tuō mǎ sī jié fěi xùn] [USA] Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) 外患 [wài huàn] foreign invasion/aggression 萬里長(zhǎng)城 [wàn lǐ chánɡ chénɡ] [China] Great Wall 王安石變法 [wánɡ ān shí biàn fǎ] [China] reforms of Wang Anshi 王莽 [wánɡ mǎnɡ] [China] Wang Mang (in the Xin Dynasty) 王室 [wánɡ shì] ruling house 王位繼承法 [wánɡ wèi jì chénɡ fǎ] system of imperial succession 威廉·霍華德·塔夫特 [wēi lián huò huá dé tǎ fū tè] [USA] William Howard Taft (1857-1930) 威廉·亨利·哈里遜 [wēi lián hēnɡ lì hā lǐ xùn] William Henry Harrison (1773-1841) 威廉·麥金利 [wēi lián mài jīn lì] [USA] William McKinley (1843-1901) 威廉二世 [wēi lián èr shì] [Germany] William II (1859-1941) 威廉三世 [wēi lián sān shì] [Britain] William III (1650-1702) 威廉一世 [wēi lián yī shì] [Germany] William I (1797-1888) 威廉·腓特烈一世 [wēi lián féi tè liè yī shì] [Germany] Frederick William I (1657-1713) 威靈頓公爵 [wēi línɡ dùn ɡōnɡ jué] [Britain] Duke of Wellington (1769-1852) 維多利亞女王 [wéi duō lì yà nǚ wánɡ] [Britain] Queen Victoria (1837-1901) 維也納會(huì)議 [wéi yě nà huì yì] Congress of Vienna 魏文帝曹丕 [wèi wén dì cáo pī] [China] Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of the Wei Dynasty (in Three Kingdoms) 文景之治 [wén jǐnɡ zhī zhì] [China] enlightened administration of the Wen-Jing period (in Han dynasty) 文藝復(fù)興 [wén yì fù xīnɡ] Renaissance; Classical Revival 屋大維 [wū dà wéi] [Rome] Octavius 吳大帝孫權(quán) [wú dà dì sūn quán] [China] Sun Quan, Great Emperor of the Kingdom of Wu (in Three Kingdoms) 五代 [wǔ dài] [China] Five Dynasties 五四運(yùn)動(dòng) [wǔ sì yùn dònɡ] [China] May Fourth Movement 伍德羅·威爾遜 [wǔ dé luó wēi ěr xùn] [USA] Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) 戊戌變法 [wù xū biàn fǎ] [China] Wu Xu Reform (1898) 西晉武帝司馬炎 [xī jìn wǔ dì sī mǎ yán] [China] Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty 西蒙 [xī ménɡ] [Athens] Cimon (510-451 B.C.) 西魏文帝元寶炬 [xī wèi wén dì yuán bǎo jù] [China] Yuan Baoju, Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty 西夏景宗趙元昊 [xī xià jǐnɡ zōnɡ zhào yuán hào] [China] Zhao Yuanhao, Emperor Jingzong of the Western Xia Dynasty 西周武王 [xī zhōu wǔ wánɡ] [China] King Wu of the Western zhou Dynasty 希臘化時(shí)代 [xī là huà shí dài] Hellenistic Age 希臘羅馬文化 [xī là luó mǎ wén huà] Creco-Roman Culture/Civilization 希臘羅馬文明 [xī là luó mǎ wén mínɡ] Creco-Roman Culture/Civilization 希臘文明 [xī là wén mínɡ] Hellenic Civilization 希臘同盟 [xī là tónɡ ménɡ] Hellenic League 希特勒 [xī tè lè] [Germany] Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) 憲政 [xiàn zhènɡ] constitutional government/rule 湘軍 [xiānɡ jūn] [China] Hunan Army 孝武帝元修 [xiào wǔ dì yuán xiū] [China] Yuan Xiu, Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Dynasty 協(xié)約國(guó) [xié yuē ɡuó] the Allies (WWI); Allied and Associated Powers 新教革命 [xīn jiào ɡé mìnɡ] Protestant Revolution 新生活運(yùn)動(dòng) [xīn shēnɡ huó yùn dònɡ] New Life Movement 新石器時(shí)代 [xīn shí qì shí dài] New Stone Age; Neolithic Age 新文化運(yùn)動(dòng) [xīn wén huà yùn dònɡ] New Culture Movement 興登堡 [xīnɡ dēnɡ bǎo] [Germany] Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934) 興中會(huì) [xīnɡ zhōnɡ huì] Hsing Chung Hui; China Revival Society, est. in 1894 by Dr Sun Yat-sen 刑部 [xínɡ bù] [China] Ministry of Punishments 秀才 [xiù cái] [China] former bachelor of arts or graduate of first degree 馴鹿時(shí)代 [xùn lù shí dài] reindeer period/epoch 訓(xùn)政 [xùn zhènɡ] political tutelage 遜位 [xùn wèi] give up/abdicate the throne 雅典帝國(guó) [yǎ diǎn dì ɡuó] Athenian Empire 亞伯拉罕·林肯 [yà bó lā hǎn lín kěn] [USA] Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) 亞爾封索十三 [yà ěr fēnɡ suǒ shí sān] [Spain] Alfonso XIII (1886-1941) 亞歷山大大帝 [yà lì shān dà dà dì] [Macedonia] Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.) 亞力斯泰提斯 [yà lì sī tài tí sī] [Athens] Aristides (530?-468? B.C.) 亞述文化 [yà shù wén huà] Assyrian Culture 仰韶文化 [yǎnɡ sháo wén huà] [China] Painted Pottery Culture; Yang Shao Culture 耶路撒冷拉丁王國(guó) [yē lù sā lěnɡ lā dīnɡ wánɡ ɡuó] Latin Kingdom of Jerusalum 一條鞭法 [yì tiáo biān fǎ] Single Whip System 伊凡三世 [yī fán sān shì] [Russia] Ivan III (1440-1505) 伊凡四世 [yī fán sì shì] [Russia] Ivan IV ; the Terrible Ivan IV (1530-1584) 伊克那頓 [yī kè nà dùn] [Egypt] Ikhnaton (reigned 1375-1358 B.C.) 伊莉莎白一世 [yī lì shā bái yī shì] [Britain] Elizabeth I (1533-1603) 伊曼紐爾二世 [yī màn niǔ ěr èr shì] [Sardinia] Emmanuel II 伊藤博文 [yī ténɡ bó wén] [Japan] Ito Hirobumi (1841-1909) 抑商政策 [yì shānɡ zhènɡ cè] policy of restraining commerce 意大利軍團(tuán) [yì dà lì jūn tuán] Italian Legion 義和團(tuán) [yì hé tuán] [China] The Boxers; the Righteous and Harmonious Fists 隱帝劉承佑 [yǐn dì liú chénɡ yòu] [China] Liu Chengyou, Emperor Yin of the Later Han Dynasty 尤利西斯·辛普生·格蘭特 [yóu lì xī sī xīn pǔ shēnɡ ɡé lán tè] [USA] Ulysses Simpson Grant (1822-1885) 幼主高恒 [yòu zhǔ ɡāo hénɡ] [China] Gao Heng, Young Emperor of the Northern Qi Dynasty 漁獵時(shí)代 [yú liè shí dài] fishing and hunting age 御史大夫 [yù shǐ dà fū] Grand Censor 元帝曹奐 [yuán dì cáo huàn] [China] Cao Huan, Emperor Yuan of the Kingdom of Wei (in Three Kingdoms) 元老 [yuán lǎo] senator 元老院 [yuán lǎo yuàn] senate 元世祖忽必烈 [yuán shì zǔ hū bì liè] [China] Borzigin Kubliai, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty 遠(yuǎn)古文明 [yuǎn ɡǔ wén mínɡ] ancient civilization 約翰·弗茲杰拉德·肯尼迪 [yuē hàn fú zī jié lā dé kěn ní dí] [USA] John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963) 約翰·昆西·亞當(dāng)斯 [yuē hàn kūn xī yà dānɡ sī] [USA] John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) 約翰·泰勒 [yuē hàn tài lè] [USA] John Tyler (1790-1862) 約翰·亞當(dāng)斯 [yuē hàn yà dānɡ sī] [USA] John Adams (1735-1826) 約瑟芬 [yuē sè fēn] [France] Josephine (1763-1814) 在位君主 [zài wèi jūn zhǔ] reigning sovereign 詹姆士·布坎南 [zhān mǔ shì bù kǎn nán] [USA] James Buchanan (1791-1868) 詹姆士·加菲爾德 [zhān mǔ shì fēi ěr dé] [USA] James Abram Garfield (1831-1881) 詹姆士·麥迪遜 [zhān mǔ shì mài dí xùn] [USA] James Madison (1751-1836) 詹姆士·門羅 [zhān mǔ shì mén luó] [USA] James Monroe (1758-1831) 詹姆士·奈斯·波克 [zhān mǔ shì nài sī bō kè] [USA] James Knox Polk (1795-1849) 詹姆斯二世 [zhān mǔ sī èr shì] [Britain] James II (1633-1701) 戰(zhàn)國(guó) [zhàn ɡuó] Warring States Period 張伯倫 [zhānɡ bó lún] [Britain] Neville Chamberlain (1869-1940) 貞觀之治 [zhēn ɡuān zhī zhì] [China] enlightened administration of the Zhenguan period (in Tang dynasty) 征服者威廉 [zhēnɡ fú zhě wēi lián] [Britain] William the Conqueror (1027-1087) 知識(shí)革命 [zhī shi ɡé mìnɡ] intellectual revolution 織田信長(zhǎng) [zhī tián xìn chánɡ] [Japan] Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582) 中古時(shí)代 [zhōnɡ ɡǔ shí dài] Middle Ages 中古文明 [zhōnɡ ɡǔ wén mínɡ] medieval civilization 中書省 [zhōnɡ shū shěnɡ] Cabinet of Ministers 中央集權(quán) [zhōnɡ yānɡ jí quán] centralization of authority 中曾根康弘 [zhōnɡ zēnɡ ɡēn kānɡ hónɡ] [Japan] Nakasone Yasuhiro (1918- ) 種姓制度 [zhǒnɡ xìnɡ zhì dù] caste 周禮 [zhōu lǐ] the Chou Rituals 諸侯 [zhū hóu] feudal lord; vassal 專制時(shí)代 [zhuān zhì shí dài] age of autocracy 莊園 [zhuānɡ yuán] manor 紫禁城 [zǐ jìn chénɡ] [China] Forbidden City 宗法制度 [zōnɡ fǎ zhì dù] nepotistic system of power of the imperial clan 宗教革命 [zōnɡ jiào ɡé mìnɡ] Protestant Revolution 宗教統(tǒng)一 [zōnɡ jiào tǒnɡ yī] religious unity 奏章 [zòu zhānɡ] memorial |