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vt (1)拋(離，遺)棄(leave a thing or place or person completely and for ever;desert)[T+n，D+n+prep(to)]：～a disabled truck/a burning ship/a fort拋棄報(bào)廢的卡車/離棄著火的船/放棄城堡;～one's wife/one's family/one's baby遺棄妻子/家庭/嬰兒;The thieves～ed the stolen car.小偷們拋棄了那輛偷來的汽車。give orders to～ship 下令棄船;～one's farm and move to the city 離棄農(nóng)場(chǎng)而遷入城市;～one's lands/one's property to the enemy 把土地/財(cái)產(chǎn)放棄給敵人;～a city to a conqueror 把城市放棄給征服者;～sb to his fate 任某人由命運(yùn)擺布;〖同〗desert，leave;〖反〗take，keep，hold;

(2)(中途)放棄(give up completely(esp sth begun) without finishing)[T+n]：～an attempt/a journey/a match/a search停止嘗試/旅行/比賽/搜索;～a plan/a project/a scheme放棄計(jì)劃/方案/方案;～a habit改掉習(xí)慣;The scientist～ed his research for lack of fund.那位科學(xué)家因資金缺乏而放棄研究?！玹he whole idea/all hope 放棄整個(gè)想法/一切希望;〖同〗give up，discontinue;〖反〗continue，maintain;

(3)沉溺，放縱，陷于(give oneself up completely to an emotion，desire，etc)[T+n+prep(to)]：～oneself to despair/grief/sorrow陷于絕望/悲痛/悲傷;～oneself to pleasure縱情享樂;

→ a′bandoned adj 放蕩的，不道德的;a′bandonment n 拋(遺)棄;放任(縱);

n 放任(縱)(freedom from worry or control)[U]：jump/dance/shout/cry with (in)(wild/gay)～(情不自禁/歡快地)縱情蹦跳/跳舞/喊/哭;ride with the skilful ～of a cowboy 如牛仔般縱馬狂奔;The food was consumed with joyous～.食物被興高采烈地吃得一干二凈。〖同〗unrestraint，freedom;〖反〗restraint，control;

【辨異】abandon與desert² 都可表示“拋(遺)棄”的意思。abandon指完全放棄，可以是出于必要、環(huán)境所迫、不自愿，或?yàn)榱颂颖茇?zé)任，如：abandon a hopeless task(放棄一項(xiàng)無望的任務(wù));desert²(拋棄，遺棄)指有意地違背責(zé)任、義務(wù)、誓言等，負(fù)有法律或道義上的責(zé)任，如：desert a party(背棄黨);還有forsake(拋棄，遺棄)，強(qiáng)調(diào)斷絕感情上的依戀，指違背感情上的責(zé)任，或放棄以前的珍愛之物，如：forsake poetry/a noble cause(放棄詩歌/崇高的事業(yè))。