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n (1) 重?fù)?dān)(載，負(fù))(that which is carried; heavy load)[C]：shoulder a heavy～/a～of 300 pounds肩負(fù)重負(fù)/300磅的重負(fù);a beast of～用于馱運(yùn)的牲口;bear heavy～s of provisions背負(fù)沉重的食品;carry a heavy～uphill負(fù)重載上山;〖同〗load，weight，cargo，freight;

(2) 重?fù)?dān)(責(zé))(duty， obligation， responsibility， etc， that is hard to bear)[C] (fig)：the～of high office/leadership/state secrets/proof高級(jí)職務(wù)/領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作/國家機(jī)密/提供證據(jù)的重責(zé);the～of duty/responsibility重任/重責(zé);the～of raising 3 children/of heavy taxation on sb撫養(yǎng)三個(gè)孩子/重稅的負(fù)擔(dān);His invalid parents/aged grandparents/children are a～to him.有病的父母/高齡的祖父母/孩子們對(duì)他是一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。the～s of war戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的負(fù)擔(dān);the～of grief/guilt/remorse悲痛/負(fù)罪/悔恨的重壓;carry through life the heavy～of illiteracy一生背負(fù)著沒有文化的重壓;〖同〗 responsibility，load，weight;

(3) (船的)載重量，噸位(carrying capacity of a ship; tonnage)[U]：a ship of a hundred-ton～可載百噸的船;

vt 使負(fù)擔(dān); 裝載(load with or as if with sth difficult to bear)[T+n， T+n+prep (with)]：be～ed with all one's possessions/a heavy pack背負(fù)所有的財(cái)物/一個(gè)沉重的包袱;～sb(oneself)with heavy taxation/one's problems/troubles/worries使某人(自己)負(fù)擔(dān)沉重的賦稅/受問題困擾/承受麻煩/經(jīng)受煩惱;be～ed with care憂慮重重;Don't～your memory with useless information.不要費(fèi)力去記無用的信息?！纪絣oad，trouble;

→′burdensome adj 沉重的，麻煩的;un-′burden v 卸掉負(fù)擔(dān);吐露;

【辨異】 burden與load原義都是指人、動(dòng)物或車輛的負(fù)載;load仍保留此本義，burden 則很少用于這個(gè)意義;兩個(gè)詞都可用于轉(zhuǎn)義，表示沉重的責(zé)任、負(fù)擔(dān)，burden現(xiàn)在主要用于上述轉(zhuǎn)義。