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n (1) 訓(xùn)練，調(diào)(管)教(training， esp of the mind and character， to produce obedience and self-control or to mould a specific skill， behaviour， etc) [U]：school/military/monastic～學(xué)校教養(yǎng)/軍紀(jì)訓(xùn)練/僧侶的修煉;the～of dancing 舞蹈訓(xùn)練;impose strict～on army recruits 對(duì)新兵進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練; All children need～. 所有的孩子都需要調(diào)教。years of～to become a pianist/a top sportsperson 多年的訓(xùn)練以成為鋼琴家/優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員;〖同〗training， drilling， schooling， instruction， practice， exercise;

(2) 紀(jì)律，風(fēng)紀(jì)，教養(yǎng)(controlled behaviour resulting from this training) [U]：(soldiers) show perfect/good/remarkable～under fire(士兵)在炮火下表現(xiàn)得很有素養(yǎng)/素養(yǎng)良好/素養(yǎng)出眾;(children) learn/have/lack～(孩子們)學(xué)得有/有/缺乏教養(yǎng);(teachers)keep/maintain～in the classroom(教師)保持/維持教室的紀(jì)律;〖同〗control， subjection;〖反〗indicipline;

(3) 訓(xùn)練方法(method of training) [C]：(learning poetry) be a good～for memory(背詩(shī))是鍛煉記憶的好辦法;(retelling) be a good～for learning a foreign language(復(fù)述)是學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的好辦法;(Yoga) be a good～for learning to relax(瑜伽功)是學(xué)會(huì)自我放松的好辦法;〖同〗method;

(4) 懲罰(戒)(punishment) [U]：the teacher's cruel/severe～教師嚴(yán)酷/嚴(yán)厲的懲罰;That child will need a lot of～. 那孩子得好好懲罰一下。A little～would do him a world of good. 稍加懲罰就會(huì)對(duì)他大有裨益。〖同〗punishment;

(5) 學(xué)科，科目(branch of knowledge or teaching) [C]：One of the oldest～s is mathematics. 最古老的科學(xué)之一是數(shù)學(xué)。Mathematics and physics are related～s. 數(shù)學(xué)與物理是相關(guān)學(xué)科。scientific～s 科學(xué)學(xué)科;the～s of history and economics 歷史和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)科;

→′disciplinary adj 訓(xùn)練的，管教的;

vt (1)訓(xùn)練，調(diào)(管)教，訓(xùn)導(dǎo) (train to be obedient， self-controlled， skilful， etc) [T+n， C+n+to-inf]：～oneself/one's temper/children/dogs 修煉自己/修煉自己的性情/調(diào)教孩子/訓(xùn)狗;～troops/new soldiers/one's mind 訓(xùn)練部隊(duì)/新兵/自己的頭腦;～oneself to finish one's work on time/to work harder 養(yǎng)成自己按時(shí)完成工作/更努力工作的素質(zhì);a well (badly)～d orchestra/football team 訓(xùn)練有素(不良)的管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)/足球隊(duì);～d behaviour 有教養(yǎng)的行為;〖同〗train，instruct，drill;

(2) 懲罰(戒) (punish) [T+n]：be～d for lying/the bad behaviour 因?yàn)檎f(shuō)謊/行為不良而受懲罰;～the class by giving them extra homework/keeping them after school 留額外作業(yè)/放學(xué)不讓回家來(lái)懲罰全班學(xué)生;〖同〗punish;

→?discipli′narian n 嚴(yán)格遵守紀(jì)律者