adv (1) 1) 向下(從高向低)(from a higher place to a lower one)：come/go/get～(from somewhere)(從……)下來/下去/下去;walk/rush/run/drive/ride～(to somewhere)走/沖/跑/駛/騎(到……);drop/crawl/jump/fly/slip/hang～(from/to somewhere)(從……)掉/爬/跳/飛/滑/垂下去(到……);take/bring/carry/get/move/pass/pull/push/send sth～(from/to somewhere)(從……)把……拿/拿/帶/弄/移/傳/拉/推/送下去(到……);ask/call/help/let/order sth (sb)～請/叫/幫/讓/命令……下去; The sun went～below the horizon/in the west. 太陽落到地平線下/西邊去了。the road～下行路;2) 倒下(from an upright position to a horizontal one)：lie/fall～躺下/倒下;The man was knocked～by a car. 那人被一輛小汽車撞倒了。put a stick～放倒一根棍子;3)(人身體)降低位置((of the body)to a lower position)：sit/kneel/crouch～坐/跪/蹲下;bend/stoop/bow～彎腰/彎腰/躬身;go/get～on one's knees 跪下;
?(2) 在下面(in a lower position)：Father is not～yet. 父親還沒有下樓。The fighter/tree/house is～.拳擊手/樹/房子倒了。The sun/moon/curtain is～. 太陽/月亮/窗簾落下了。 The telephone wires/Their heads are～. 電話線掉下來了/他們的頭低下了。keep/stay/ stick～繼續(xù)待在/停留在/卡在下面;He lives/His room is two floors～.他住在/他的房間在隔兩層的下面。
?(3) 下降(to or in a lower condition)：The water/temperature/birth-rate/yield of corn/consumption/level of unemployment is～. 水位/溫度/出生率/谷類產(chǎn)量/消費/失業(yè)水平降低了。The temperature/production/price/cost/fare has gone(come/been put)～. 溫度/生產(chǎn)/價格/成本/(車、船)費降低了。keep expenses～使花費保持低水平;The level is～by nearly a metre. 水面下降了近一米。We're two goals～at half-time. 到半場時我們已經(jīng)落后兩個球了。He was～(by) 15- 40 in the third game. 他在第三局以15比40落后了。They are 50%～on last week's profits. 他們的利潤比上周降低了50%?！挤础絬p;
?(4) 1) 離開(重要的地方，尤指大城市)(away from a place thought of as being more active or important， esp a large city)：I've just come～from London (to Bath). 我剛從倫敦(到巴斯)來。go/move～to the country 去/遷居鄉(xiāng)下;2) 離開(大學(xué)，尤指牛津或劍橋)(away from a university， esp Oxford or Cambridge)：come～from Oxford/Cambridge 從牛津/劍橋來;I went～in August. 我是8月離開(牛津或劍橋去度假或畢業(yè))的。3) 前往，在(指位置較低處，尤指南方) (to or in a place thought of as being lower， esp southward)：This is Westminster Bridge and London Bridge is about a mile further～. 這是威斯敏斯特橋，倫敦橋還往下游大約一英里。sail～to the sea 向?？谔幒叫?go (fly)～from Edinburgh to London/from Leeds to Birmingham 從愛丁堡去(飛往)倫敦/從里茲去(飛往)伯明翰;go～to Florida/Southampton 去佛羅里達/南安普敦;We didn't live in London — we lived～in Hampshire. 我們不是住在倫敦，我們住在漢普夏。live～south/in Florida 住在南方/佛羅里達; 4)(離開說話者)前往(遠處，尤指位置較低處)(to a point away from the speaker， esp one thought of as being lower)：go (walk/run)～to the market/the park/the end of the corridor 走(步行/跑)去市場/公園/走廊盡頭;I must be～at the station/the harbour. 我得去車站/海港。leave sth～at one's office/one's house 把……留在了辦公室/家里;What's that～there in the corner? 那邊角落里的是什么?
?(5)(活動、力量、體積、質(zhì)量)減少(弱)(to a state of less activity， force， strength， power， volume， quality， etc)：The fire burnt/noise died～. 火勢減弱/噪音變?nèi)趿?。quieten/calm/settle～平靜/鎮(zhèn)定/定居下來; quieten the children/turn the radio～使孩子們安靜下來/把收音機聲音關(guān)小; get a report/a thesis～to 5 pages 把報告/論文壓縮到五頁;cut a list～quite a bit 把名單大大縮短;boil the liquid/the syrup～把液體/糖漿煮濃;water the wine/the liquor/the drink～把酒/酒/飲料調(diào)淡一些;The heels of my shoes/stone steps are quite worn～. 我的鞋后跟/石頭臺階磨損得很厲害了。
?(6) 1) 記下(in written form)：put/write/copy/note/take/mark/have/jot a telephone number (a statement/a name)～(in a notebook)把一電話號碼(陳述/名字)(在筆記本上)寫/寫/抄/記/記/記/記/草草記下來;2) 列出名單(單子)((added) to a list)：put (get) sb～on a list/for a team 把某人的名字記在名單上/一個隊的名單上;(sb) be～(on a list) to do sth(某人)已(在單子上)記下要做某事;
?(7) ……到底(to the moment of catching， getting， or discovering)：hunt the lion～追獵獅子;track a rumour/a bear～追查謠言/追蹤一只熊;(police) run the thief～(警察)追捕到小偷;
?(8) 直到干凈為止(until clean)：wash/hose a car～洗干凈/用軟管沖干凈一輛車;rub a horse～把馬擦干凈;
?(9)(一系列中)由上(大)往下(小)(indicating the upper(and lower)limits in a range)：Everyone came to the meeting from the managing director/captain～. 從常務(wù)董事/隊長往下每個人都來開會了。From 100～to 20/A～to F 從100至20/A至F;from the President～to the secretary 從總統(tǒng)到秘書;from the headmaster～to the young-est boy 從校長到最小的男學(xué)生;
?(10) 1) 現(xiàn)付(作為底金)(in partial payment at the time of purchase)：pay sb half the money/￡100～(and the rest at the end of the week)先付給某人一半錢/100英鎊現(xiàn)金(其余的周末付清)：buy a car for ￡30～先付30英鎊現(xiàn)金買車;2)(在一定數(shù)量的錢中)花(損失)掉((with a stated amount of money) spent or lost)：After paying all the bills， he found himself ￡10～. 付完所有的賬單后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)花去了10英鎊。
?(11)(在一系列的人或事中)已經(jīng)(finished; done) [作pred](infml)：That's 5～and another 5 candidates to see yet. 已會見了五個應(yīng)聘者，還有五個要見。eight～and two to go. 已經(jīng)八個了，還剩兩個。
?(12) ……以來(from an earlier time to a later one)：The recipe has been handed/passed～in our family (from father to son/from mother to daughter) for years. 這個秘方在我們家(父子/母女)相傳已有許多年了。The tradition has come～from our ancestors. 這一傳統(tǒng)是從我們祖先傳下來的。D～through the ages/years this town has seen many changes. 漫長的歲月中這個鎮(zhèn)子經(jīng)歷了許多變化。look～through the ages 審視古往今來;
?be down on sb 感到(表示)不滿(或敵意)(infml)：Everyboby is terribly～on him. 大家都對他非常不滿。
?be down to sth 只剩下一點點錢：be～to one's last penny/pound/$2只剩下最后一便士/ 一英鎊/兩美元;
?be/go down with sth 生?。篐e is/has gone/has come～with flue/measles/a bad cold. 他得了流感/麻疹/重感冒。
?get down to sth 認真開始：Let's get～to study/work/business/our French. 咱們開始好好學(xué)習(xí)/工作/做生意/學(xué)法語吧!
?down with sth/sb 打倒，取消，放下：D～with the government/tyranny! 打倒政府/暴政! D～with the injustice!反對不公正! D～with the laws/the monarchy! 取消那些法律/君主制! D～with rifles! 放下你們的槍!
?down town 在(或去)市中心，進城：I was/went～town shopping yesterday. 昨天我在/去市中心買東西了。
?→′downfall n大雪(雨);′downpour n 傾盆大雨;?down′grade vt 使降級(格);′downcast adj 垂頭喪氣的;朝下(看)的;?down-′hearted adj 無精打采的;?down′heartedly adv 無精打采地;downhill/?—′—/adv 下山;走下坡;adj 下山的;走下坡的;downright/′— —/ adv 徹底地;adj 徹底的;直率(坦白)的;downstage/′— —/ adv 在(向)舞臺前邊;adj 舞臺前的;downstairs/?—′—/ adv 在(到)樓下;adj 樓下的;downtown adv/?—′—/ 在(去)市中心(商業(yè)區(qū));adj/′— —/ 市中心(商業(yè)區(qū))的;downwind/?—′—/ adv 順風(fēng); adj 順風(fēng)的;down′stream adv 向下游;′downward(s) adv 向下(地);…… 以來;′downward adj 向下的;′down-and-out n 窮困潦倒的人;?down-to-′earth adj 切實際的;
?adj (1) 下行的，向下的(moving or directed downward) [作attrib]：a～pipe/elevator 下行排水管/電梯;the～stairs/train/stripes (in a pattern)下行樓梯/(始發(fā)于倫敦的)下行火車/(圖案中向下的)條紋;〖反〗up;
?(2) 消沉的，低落的(depressed or in low spirits)[作pred]：feel/look(very/awfully/thoroughly)～感到/看樣子情緒(很/極其/極其)低沉;〖同〗disheartened，depressed;
?(3)(作為底金)先付的(being the first instalment in a series of payments)：pay sb ￡100 as a～payment 先付給某人100英鎊作為底金;make a～payment on a house 交首付買一座房子;
?prep(1) 向(在)下面(in or to lower position or level(from a high or higher one))：go/walk/run/roll～the stairs(the hill)走/走/跑/滾下樓梯(山);climb/crawl～a ladder(a wall)爬/爬下梯子(墻);fall～the stairs/the well 掉到樓梯/井下;(water) pour～the drain(水)順排水管流下;look～sb's throat/the barrel of a gun 往嗓子/槍筒里看;(tears) flow～sb's face/sb's cheeks(淚)從臉/面頰流下;(hair)flow/hang～sb's back(頭發(fā))從背上飄下/垂下;be halfway～the hill 在半山腰下;～the stairs 在樓梯下;〖反〗up;
?(2) 向(在)……的下游(at or to a place near the mouth of a river)：go/sail/move/float～a river 向河的下游行駛/航行/移動/漂浮;The bridge is a mile～the river from here. 橋在離這兒一英里的河的下游處?！挤础絬p;
?(3) 沿……向前(towards the direction in which one is facing; along)：go (walk/drive/come)～a street/a road/a path/a passage 沿街/路/小路/通路往前走去(步行/行駛/走來);go/walk/run/look～the garden 往花園那頭走/步行/跑/看;live/park just～a street 就住/(把車)存在街的那頭;～the line of children 從孩子們隊列的這頭向那頭;〖同〗along;
?(4) 自……以來(from an earlier time to a later one)：all～the years/ages/history(of a country)多年/許多個時代/(一個國家)有史以來;an exhibition of costumes～the ages 各個歷史時期的服飾展覽;
?(5) 去，前往(down to; to)(BrE)：go～the shops/the town 去商店/城里;
?vt(1) 打倒(下)(knock (sb) to the ground) [T+n]：～the champion with one blow/a left hook/in the second round 一拳/一個左鉤拳/在第二個回合中把冠軍打倒;～a plane/a helicopter/a bomber 打下一架飛機/直升飛機/轟炸機;〖同〗fell， drop;
?(2) 擊敗(defeat) [T+n]：～the opposition(in an election)/a competitor (in business)/an opponent (in a game)擊敗(選舉中的)反對黨/(生意上的)競爭者/(比賽中的)對手;〖同〗defeat;
?(3) 很快喝(咽)下(finish (sth， esp a liquid)quickly)[T+n]：～several pints of beer in half an hour 半小時喝下好幾品脫啤酒;He～ed (what was left of) his beer/his coffee/his medicine and left. 他很快喝完(剩下的)啤酒/咖啡/藥就走了?！玜n extra cup of coffee/three martinis/one cocktail 又多喝一杯咖啡/喝下三杯馬丁尼酒/喝下一杯雞尾酒;〖同〗swallow;
?down tools(突然)停止工作，罷工：They～tools and off they go. 他們?nèi)酉鹿ぞ吆衾惨幌露甲吡?。The workmen threatened to～tools. 工人們威脅說要罷工。
?n(1) 下降(落)(downward movement; descent)[C];
?(2) 心情低沉(sad， disappointed mood)[C]：She's been on a～ever since he left. 他走后她一直心情不好。
?have a down on sb/sth 對……不滿(懷敵意)(infml)：She's got a～on me;I don't know why. 她對我不滿，我不知為什么。
?ups and downs 盛衰，沉?。篧e all have our ups and～s. 我們都會經(jīng)歷人生的沉浮榮辱。