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(1) 建(成，設(shè))立 (begin or set up as a business; found; create) [T+n]：～a business/a state/the rule 開商店/建立一個(gè)國家/訂制度;～a close relationship with sb/diplomatic relations with a country 與某人建立親密的關(guān)系/與某國建立外交關(guān)系; How long has the firm been～ed? 那家公司成立多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了? 〖同〗 found，form，organize，create，start，begin，open; 〖反〗 close，dissolve，destroy;

(2) 使處于(某種地位)，使立足于(place or settle firmly in a position; gain recognition for) [T+n 僅 pass，T+n+prep(as/in)，C+n+as]：be～ed in a different job/in a new house/in New York as a physician 在另外一種工作中站住了腳/在一所新房子里安居/定居紐約，靠行醫(yī)立足;～sb/oneself in trade/in business as a jeweler 使某人/自己從事貿(mào)易/做生意/當(dāng)珠寶商;A new doctor has～ed himself on this street. 一個(gè)新醫(yī)生在這條街上開業(yè)了。〖同〗 install，settle，situate，fix; 〖反〗 uproot，unsettle;

(3) 確立，證實(shí) (prove the truth of a belief，claim，etc) [T+n，T+that，T+wh，T+wh+to-inf]：～the fact/one's credit/a scientific law 確立事實(shí)/確立信譽(yù)/證實(shí)科學(xué)定律; The police～ed his guilt/that he was guilty. 警察證實(shí)了他的罪行/他有罪。He～ed his innocence by showing that he was in another city when the theft was committed. 他以竊案發(fā)生時(shí)身處另一城市的事實(shí)證明自己無罪。His honesty is well～ed. 他的誠實(shí)已得到充分的證明。After investigation it was～ed that this temple was built by Kublai Kan. 經(jīng)過調(diào)查，證明那座廟宇是忽必烈汗建造的。They can't～what he was doing at that time. 他們無法證明他當(dāng)時(shí)正在干什么。〖同〗 prove，show，confirm，verify，justify; 〖反〗 disprove，deny;

(4) 使(風(fēng)俗，權(quán)力等) 被永久性地接受或承認(rèn)(cause to be accepted and used for a long time) [T+n，C+n+as]：～a custom/his claim to the estate 接受一種習(xí)俗/承認(rèn)他對(duì)房產(chǎn)的權(quán)利;～her fame as an actress (使人們)承認(rèn)她的演藝聲望;

→es′tablishable adj 可以建(確)立的;es′tablisher n 創(chuàng)建者;es′tablished adj 已確(建)立的;es′tablishment n 建(設(shè))立

【辨異】establish與fix和settle均可表示使某人或某物固定或穩(wěn)固在某個(gè)位置上。establish (建立，設(shè)立)通常指牢固或永久性地建(設(shè))立某個(gè)團(tuán)體，公司等，如：establish a business (設(shè)立一家公司); fix 通常強(qiáng)調(diào)將某物牢牢地固定在某個(gè)位置或地點(diǎn)等，并使之不易改變或移動(dòng)，如：We fixed the pole in the ground. (我們將桿子固定在地上。)settle (最終或滿意地安排好某事)則表示使某人或某事處于穩(wěn)定或永久的地位或狀況，如：settle a young man in a trade (使年輕人從事某個(gè)職業(yè))。