n (1)拉，拔，扯，拽 (act of pulling) [C][N(at/on)]： The chain needed a strong～. 鏈子需要使勁拉住。give a～at sb's shirt 拉一下某人的襯衣;give a dog's leash a～拉一下牽狗的皮帶;keep up a steady～on sth 拉住某物;feel a～at one's sleeve 感到衣袖被拉了一下;
?(2)吸引力(force that attracts or draws) [U， the～]： magnetic～磁吸力;the moon's～on the sea 月球?qū)Ｑ蟮奈?The～of the moon causes the tides. 月球的吸引力造成了潮汐。He couldn't resist the～of her charm. 他抵御不了她魅力的吸引。the～of the mountains/the sea/the wandering life (fig) 山/大海/流浪生活的吸引力;〖同〗attraction，influence，appeal;
?(3)影響，(偏向)某人的有利條件 (special influence; (unfair) personal advantage) [U](infml)： He has a lot of～in that town. 他在那個鎮(zhèn)上有很大的影響。have strong/a great deal of～with sb 對某人頗有影響力;get the job through～通過門路找到那份工作;without any～or family backing 既無任何門路又無家庭背景;the old families， with all the～of their name and possessions 因名聲和財產(chǎn)而得天獨厚的古老世家;
?(4) 1)吸(一口煙，煙斗等) (act of drawing in tobacco smoke from a cigarette， pipe， etc) [C][N(at)]： take a long～at one's cigarette/one's pipe 深深地吸了一口煙/抽了一口煙斗; 2)(尤指從瓶中)喝(一口酒) (act of drinking， esp from a bottle) [C][N(at)]： He took a～at his beer/a bottle. 他喝了一口啤酒/他從瓶中喝了一口酒。take a～of milk from the can on the window 從窗臺上的牛奶罐里猛喝一口牛奶;
?(5)費力的前進(攀登，劃船等) (prolonged effort， eg in walking， climbing， rowing， etc) [U， a～]： a steady～to reach camp by night 奮力前進以便傍晚到達營地;It was a long～to the top of the hill/the shore. 爬上山頂/劃到岸邊是漫長而費力的事。
?(6)拉(把)手 (handle for pulling sth or causing sth to act by pulling) [C](尤用于合成詞)： a bell-～拉鈴的把手;a beer～啤酒桶上用于抽出啤酒的把手;
?(7)校(草)樣 (test copy of sth printed but not yet examined for correctness; proof) [C];
?v (1)1)拉，拽，扯，抽 (use force on sth to move it towards oneslf) [I]：～as hard as one could 盡力地拉;You～and I'll push. 你拉我推。Stop～ing! You're hurting my arm!別拽了!你把我的胳膊弄疼了!She～ed on the reins to slow the horse up. 她拉緊韁繩使馬慢下來?！玜t sb's sleeve/sb's coat拉某人的袖子/衣服;〖同〗drag， draw; 〖反〗push; 2)拉(拽，扯，抽) (某物) (use force on sth; cause sth to move in a specified direction by using force) [T+n， T+n+prep， T+n+adv， C+n+adj]：～sb's hair/sb's ears/sb's sleeve (～sb by the hair/ears/sleeve) 扯某人的頭發(fā)/耳朵/袖子;close the window and～the blind/the curtains 關上窗戶拉上卷簾/窗簾;The horse was～ing a heavy cart. 馬拉著一輛沉重的車。The engine～ed the train up the hill. 機車牽引著火車爬上山坡。(child)～the toy along behind him (孩子)在身后拖著玩具;～the plug out 拔掉插頭;～on/off one's shoes/one's socks 穿上/脫下自己的鞋/襪子;～the door open/shut 把門拉開/上;
?(2)拔(抽)出 (take sth from a fixed position or place; draw sth out) [T+n， T+n+adv]：～a cork/a stopper/a tooth 拔出瓶塞/拔出塞子/拔牙;～a revolver/a gun (on sb) 抽出左輪手槍/槍(對著某人);～a few onions for dinner 拔幾棵洋蔥做飯;P～(up) the weeds and give the flowers a chance. 拔掉雜草讓花能長得更好。Why did you～up these young plants? 你為什么把這些小苗拔出來?～a pint of beer (從啤酒桶中)放出一品脫啤酒;～a chicken 給雞凈膛;〖同〗remove， withdraw; 〖反〗insert， plant;
?(3)劃船(槳) (move a boat， etc by using oars) [I， I+prep(for)， T+n]： P～， boys!P～for the shore. 劃呀，伙計們!劃到岸邊去?！?a boat) to the shore/an island (把船)劃向岸邊/一個島嶼;(boat)～for the shore (船)劃向岸邊;We～ed hard and reached the shore quickly. 我們使勁劃船，很快就到了岸邊。～away from the edge/toward the bank of the river 從岸邊劃開/向河岸劃去;～a good oar 善于劃船;
?(4)拉傷(damage sth by stretching it; strain or tear) [T+n]：～a ligament/a muscle/a tendon 拉傷韌帶/肌肉/筋腱;〖同〗strain， stretch;
?(5) 1)拉(give a tug on sth) [I+prep(at/on)]：～at/on a rope 拉繩子;He～ed at the reins， but the horse refused to obey. 他拉了一下韁繩，但是馬不聽使喚。He～ed at the thread until it came out of the piece of cloth. 他把那根線一直從布里抽出來。2)喝(酒或其他液體) (take a long continuous drink of beer or other lquid from a bottle) [I+prep(at/on)]： He～ed at the bottle until he was satisfied. 他抱著酒瓶暢飲一番。3)抽(煙，煙斗) (draw smoke through a cigarette or pipe) [I+prep(at/on)]： He～ed at his cigarette. 他抽著香煙。The old man～ed thoughtfully at/on his pipe before replying. 老人抽著煙斗仔細思考后才作出回答。
?(6)開(開關等) (move (a switch， lever， etc) in order to cause an apparatus to work) [T+n]：～a switch/a trigger 把開關打開/扣動扳機;
?(7)犯罪(尤指偷竊)，?；ㄕ?(succeed in doing (a crime， esp stealing) or in playing a (trick) on sb) [T+n] (sl) (尤AmE)： ～a bank 搶銀行;He concluded that the same bandit probably had～ed all three holdups. 他斷定三次攔路搶劫可能都是同一匪徒干的?！玜 trick/boner ?；ㄕ?鬧大笑話;
?(8)(使車)改變方向 ((cause a vehicle to) move sideways) [I， T+n]： The train～ed into the platform. 火車駛進站臺。The car～ed out of the driveway. 汽車駛離了車道。The rowers～ed clear of the ship. 劃船人避開了大船。(car) seem to be～ing to the right (汽車)好像正向右打斜;～a van to the left to avoid a dog 使車向左轉(zhuǎn)避開一條狗;
?(9)(指馬)習慣性地拉緊馬嚼子 ((of a horse) struggle， esp habitually， against the metal bar that is fixed in its mouth to control it) [I];
?(10) 1)(在賽馬中)故意要輸而放慢速度 (hold back a horse in a race in order to avoid victory) [T+n]; 2)(在拳擊比賽中要輸而故意)不出拳 ((in boxing) hold back a blow being aimed with the intention of avoiding winning) [T+n];
?(11) 1)擊(高爾夫球)偏左 ((in golf) hit the ball wrongly to the left) [T+n]; 2)(在板球賽中)將投過來的球打進或打向左外場 ((in cricket) strike the ball forward and to the left of the wicket by striking across the ball's path) [T+n];
?bring/pull sb up short/sharply 使某人突然停止： Our business in that country was doing very well until the political troubles～ed us up short and we had to leave. 我們在那個國家的生意一直很好，但政治動亂使我們突然停下來并且不得不離開。
?pull the carpet/rug (out) from under sb's feet 突然中止給予某人的支持，釜底抽薪 (infml)： I wanted to buy a house， but the firm I worked for～ed the carpet out from under my feet by dismissing me from my job. 我想買所房子，但是我工作的那家公司將我解雇了，一下子斷了我的經(jīng)濟來源。
?pull a fast one (on sb) 耍花招占(某人的)便宜(infml)： The shopkeeper tried to～a fast one by selling low quality goods at high prices. 那個店主試圖高價銷售劣質(zhì)商品來占便宜。
?pull sb's leg 開某人的玩笑，捉弄某人(尤指讓其相信不真實的事)： “We thought people were～ing our legs when they first reported seeing him，” a police spokesman said yesterday. 警方發(fā)言人昨天說：“當人們第一次報告說看見他時，我們以為他們在和我們開玩笑?！?br>?pull the other one (—it's got bells on) 別騙我啦 (說話者認為別人在愚弄自己時所說的話)(infml)： “He's offered me twice as much money as I'm earning here.” “P～the other one， Tony. He's told me himself that he's dismissing workers， not employing new ones.” “他給我的工資是我在這里工資的兩倍?！薄皠e騙我啦， 托尼。他自己告訴我他正在解雇工人，不是雇傭新工人?！?br>?pull out all the stops 竭盡全力，盡最大的努力(infml)： We'll have to～out all the stops if we want to get home before dark. 如果我們想在天黑前到家就得竭盡全力。
?pull one's punches 故意約束自己的批評或攻擊 (通常neg)(infml)： He wanted to know my honest opinion of his work， and he told me not to～my punches. 他想知道我對他工作的真實意見，他讓我毫無保留地提出批評。
?pull rank (on sb) 利用職權，以權勢凌人： I don't like to～rank (on you) but I think you ought to complete that work today. 我不喜歡以權壓人，但我想你應該今天把那件工作做完。
?pull one's socks up 更加努力;端正自己的品行(infml)： I won't allow lazy students in this class; you'll have to～your socks up if you are to meet the expected standard. 我不允許本班學生懶惰，如果你們想達到規(guī)定的要求就必須更加努力。
?pull strings/wires (for sb) 運用影響力(幫助某人) (infml)： Jack～ed strings and got us a room at the crowded hotel. 杰克憑借關系為我們在人滿為患的旅館里找到一個房間。
?pull the strings/wires 在幕后操縱或影響： He's quite skilled at～ing the strings. 他極擅長在幕后操縱。
?pull oneself up by one's (own) bootstraps 依靠自己的力量取得成功(infml)： Look at the recently elected leader—a lady who has～ed herself up by her own bootstraps. 看看那位最近當選的領導人，一位完全依靠自己的努力取得成功的女士。
?pull up one's roots 離開久居之地到他鄉(xiāng)謀生： I shall miss you if you go to live in another country， but don't expect me to～up my roots and join you there. 如果你去異國他鄉(xiāng)生活我會想念你，但別指望我會背井離鄉(xiāng)和你一起去。
?pull one's weight 盡本份，做好份內(nèi)的工作： The car workers have been told directly by their boss：P～your weight. 汽車工人的老板直截了當?shù)貙λ麄冋f： 要盡職盡責。
?pull the wool over sb's eyes 欺騙(蒙蔽)某人 (infml)： an attempt to～the wool over the eyes of the working class 蒙騙工人階級的企圖;
?pull ahead (v adv) 領先(vi)： Let that fast car～ahead; I'd rather have such a driver in front of me than behind me. 讓那輛速度快的汽車在前面開;我寧可讓這樣的司機在我前面而不是在我后面。
?pull back (v adv) (使)后退(撤) (vt & vi)： The mother～ed the child back from the flames just in time. 母親及時將孩子從火邊拉了回來。The soldiers were forced to～back. 士兵們被迫撤退。
?pull down (v adv) 1)(指疾病)使某人身體虛弱 (vt)(infml)： You look a bit～ed down. 你看上去有些虛弱。2)拆毀(建筑物)(vt)： The house was～ed down; it was too old for restoration. 那幢房子給拆了，它太舊了無法修復。3)掙(賺)錢(vt)： You can～down good wages at this factory. 你在這家工廠能掙大錢。
?pull in (v adv) 1)將(某人)抓到派出所，拘留(vt) (infml)： Two youths loitering near a supermarket were～ed in on suspicion. 兩個在超級市場附近閑逛的年輕人被當作嫌疑犯抓進派出所。2)吸引(觀眾，支持者等) (vt) (infml)： The new film star is～ing the crowds in. 那位新影星吸引了很多觀眾。3)掙(賺)錢(vt) (AmE pull down) (infml)： He can～in $30，000 a year. 他每年能掙三萬美元。4)(火車等)到達(進站) (vi)： As the train～ed in there was a rush to get seats. 火車一進站，人們就跑上去搶座位。5) (車船等)開向一(岸)邊(vi)： The steamer～ed in towards the quay-side. 輪船駛向碼頭區(qū)。
?pull into (v prep) (火車等)到達，進站： The train is～ing into the station. 火車正在進站。
?pull off (v adv) 1)(車輛等)開到路邊(vi)： There is a place five hundred metres ahead where we can～off and have a rest on our journey. 前面500米處有個地方， 我們可以靠邊上休息一下。2)使成功(vt)(infml)：～off a coup/bank robbery/deal/plan 使政變/搶劫銀行/交易/計劃成功;
?pull off (v prep) 使(車輛等)開到路邊：～off the road for a rest把車開到路邊休息一下;
?pull out (v adv) 1) (車船等)駛向側(cè)面(vi)： Suddenly the car in front of us～ed out and nearly caused an accident. 我們前面的汽車突然向一側(cè)駛?cè)ィ铧c造成事故。2)(車船等)駛出站臺(駛離碼頭)(vi)： The three-forty-five was～ing out as I ran into the station. 我跑進車站時，3：45的火車正在開出車站。3)抽(取)出(vt)： Putting her hand in her pocket， she～ed out a handkerchief. 她把手伸進口袋里掏出一條手絹。4)退出(vi)： The project became so expensive that they had to～out (of it). 那項計劃太昂貴了，因此他們不得不退出。
?pull sb/sth out of sth 使退(撤)出：～soldiers out of the battle area 將軍隊撤出戰(zhàn)場;
?pull over (v adv) 使(車船等)開到一邊(vt & vi)： The traffic policeman asked the driver to～his car over to the side of the road. 交通警察讓司機把車開到路邊。When the fire engines came rushing down the street， all the cars～ed over to the side to let them pass. 當消防車沿街疾駛而來時，所有的汽車都駛向一邊給它們讓路。
?pull round/through (v adv) 使恢復知覺(健康)(vt & vi)： Loosen his clothes and give him a little brandy： that'll soon～him round. 解開他的衣服，給他喝點白蘭地，這樣馬上就能使他恢復知覺。It will be several weeks before he～s through. 他得幾周以后才能恢復健康。
?pull together (v adv) 1)通力合作，齊心協(xié)力(vi)： We must all～together or our business will fail. 我們必須通力合作，不然我們的企業(yè)就會失敗。2)控制自己(的感情)(vt)： You have to～yourself together; your family depend on you. 你得控制自己，你們家都靠你啦。
?pull up (v adv) 1)(使)(車輛等)停下來(vt & vi)： The driver～ed the bus up only just in time to avoid hitting the old woman. 司機及時剎住公共汽車才沒有撞著老太太。The car～ed up when the light turned red. 紅燈亮時那輛汽車停了下來。2)糾正，責備(vt)： The director～ed Sam up for being late again. 主任責備薩姆又遲到了。
?pull up (to/with) (v adv) 改善，提高，趕上(其他人)(vt & vi)： You'll have to～your knowledge of Africa up for the interview. 你得增加有關非洲的知識以應付面試。Once he gets his breath， he'll soon～up to the leading runner. 他一旦喘過氣來， 很快就會趕上領跑的人。
?→′pull-in n 路邊咖啡店;′pull-up， AmE ′pull-off n 路邊停車處;′pull-out n (雜志等)可取出單獨保存的部分;附頁;
?【辨異】pull與drag、draw、haul、tow和trail的區(qū)別見DRAG。