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n (1)肩(膀，胛)(part of the human body from the upper arm to the neck)[C]： square/broad～s 寬闊的肩膀;The bullet hit him in the～. 子彈射中了他的肩膀。look back over one's～回頭看; shrug one's～s 聳肩; This coat is too narrow across the～s. 這件大衣肩部太窄。put one's～out 使肩膀脫臼; tap sb on the～拍某人的肩膀;give a child a ride on one's～s 讓小孩騎在肩上; give/show/turn the cold～to sb (fig) 冷落某人;

(2)衣服的肩部(part of a garment that covers this)[C]： a jacket with padded～s 有墊肩的外衣;the～s of a coat 上衣的肩部;a coat split across the～s 外衣肩部開(kāi)線了; dust on the～s of sb's expensive suit 某人昂貴西服肩部上的灰塵;

(3)動(dòng)物前腿上部的肉(meet cut from the upper foreleg of an animal)[C，U]：the～of lamb/beef 小羊/牛的前腿肉;

(4)須承擔(dān)責(zé)任的人(person who must bear responsibility or blame)[C]： shift the blame/the responsibility onto the others'～s 讓別人受責(zé)備/把責(zé)任推給別人; need a～to cry on 企求同情(或安慰); The burden of decision is placed on the～s of the individual. 由每個(gè)人自己作決定。The burden of guilt has been lifted from/The duty has fallen upon my～s. 我已卸下了愧疚的重負(fù)/這一責(zé)任落在了我的肩上。The duty rests on our～s. 這一職責(zé)落在我們的肩上。

(5)肩狀物(anything resembling a human shoulder)[C]： the～of a hill/a mountain/a bottle/a vase 山肩/山肩/瓶子肩部/花瓶的肩部; the hard～of the motorway/the road 高速公路/馬路堅(jiān)硬的路肩部;Don't drive on the～of the road.不要沿路肩開(kāi)車。

put one's shoulder to the wheel 努力工作： When the work is urgent the workmen will put their～s to the wheel. 工作緊急時(shí)，工人們會(huì)努力地工作。

shoulder to shoulder 1)肩并肩： The buildings stood～to～in a long row. 樓房毗連成長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的一排。2)齊心協(xié)力： Whenever the difficulty comes they will～to～to overcome it. 無(wú)論何時(shí)出現(xiàn)困難，他們都將齊心協(xié)力地去克服它。

vt(1)扛，擔(dān)，挑，掮(carry sth on one's shoulders)[T+n]： He～ed his pack and set off on his walk. 他背起背包上路了?！玜 tray/a round box/the load 扛起托盤/圓盒子/貨物;～a knapsack/a rucksack 背起帆布背包;〖同〗carry;

(2)承擔(dān)(bear or take sth upon oneself)[T+n](fig)：～the blame/the mistake for one's friends 為朋友們承擔(dān)責(zé)任/過(guò)失;～the duties/the responsibility/a task/the expense 承擔(dān)職責(zé)/責(zé)任/任務(wù)/費(fèi)用;He～ed his son's debts. 他承擔(dān)了兒子的債務(wù)?！纪絬ndertake，bear;

(3)用肩推(擠)(push sb/sth with one's shoulders)[T+n+prep，T+n+adv]：～one's way to the front 用肩膀擠出路來(lái)走到前面;～sb aside/to one side 用肩膀把某人頂?shù)揭慌?The suspect～ed off a policeman and ran away. 嫌疑犯用肩膀推開(kāi)警察逃跑了?！玸b out of the way 用肩膀把某人擠到一邊去;〖同〗elbow，push，thrust;

shoulder one's way in/through/past 用肩膀擠進(jìn)去/擠著穿過(guò)/擠著經(jīng)過(guò)：He～ed his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀擠著穿過(guò)人群。

→′shoulder-bag n 背包;′shoulder-blade n 肩胛骨;′shoulder-strap n 肩帶