v (1)開始，著手(begin)[I+to-inf，T+n，T+-ing]：It～ed to snow/rain. 開始下雪/雨了。He～s to earn his own living this very afternoon. 就從今天下午開始他要自食其力了?！玾ork/one's career 開始工作/自己的職業(yè);～a meeting/a new job 開會/開展一項(xiàng)新工作;～counting/singing 開始計(jì)算/唱歌;It～ed raining. 開始下雨?！纪絙egin;〖反〗end，finish，stop，cease，terminate;
?(2)起程，出發(fā)，動身(begin a journey;set off)[I，I+adv (out/off)]：～at 5：30 a.m. in order to get to the boat in time 早上5點(diǎn)半出發(fā)以便及時(shí)登船;～for Vermont early 早點(diǎn)起程去佛蒙特;have to～(out/off) early 不得不早動身;〖同〗leave，depart，set off;
?(3)(引擎，機(jī)器等)發(fā)(起)動((cause an engine，a machine，etc to) begin operation or running)[I，T+n]：The battery was dead and the car wouldn't～. 電瓶沒電了，汽車起動不起來。The clock keeps stopping and～ing. 這座鐘停停走走。He can't～the bus. 他無法把這輛車發(fā)動起來。The clock stopped but I～ed it again. 鐘停了，但我又讓它走了起來?！玹he engine by using a crank 用曲柄發(fā)動引擎;〖反〗turn off;
?(4)(使)開始干((cause to) begin doing a job or a piece of work) [I+prep (on)， T+n，T+n+prep (on)]：～on a job/a second cake/the next book 開始工作/吃一塊蛋糕/寫另一本書;This is not good weather for～ing (on) a journey. 這不是出門旅行的好天氣。We've three rooms to decorate altogether. I think we'd better～on the dining-room. 我們一共有三個(gè)房間要裝飾，我認(rèn)為我們最好從餐廳開始干起。
?(5)引發(fā)(起)，開辦(設(shè)，創(chuàng))(bring sth into existence;establish or originate)[T+n，T+n+prep，C+n+-ing]：～a shop/a college magazine/a discussion/a fire辦一個(gè)店/創(chuàng)辦一份大學(xué)雜志/引發(fā)一次討論/點(diǎn)火;～sb in business 幫助某人立業(yè);try to～up a swimming club 試圖建立一個(gè)游泳俱樂部;～sb thinking/playing football/learning Latin 讓某人思考/踢足球/學(xué)拉丁文;～a clock going 讓鐘走起來;〖同〗found，establish，launch，begin，create;〖反〗end，finish，stop，cease;
?(6)驚起(跳)，猛然一驚(made a quick uncontrolled movement，esp from sudden surprise，fear，pain)[I，I+adv (up)](fml)：He must have been dozing，because he～ed when I spoke. 他剛才一定是打瞌睡，因?yàn)槲抑v話時(shí)他驚了一下。The touch on her back made her～. 碰一下她的背就使她嚇了一跳?！玹o one's feet at the noise/the sight of sth 聽到噪音/看到那景象嚇得跳了起來;The birds～ed up from the trees at the noise.嘈雜聲驚動了樹上的鳥。The man～ed up from his seat at the noise. 嘈雜聲使那人從座位上跳起來。〖同〗j(luò)ump，shy;
?(7)突然出(涌)現(xiàn)等(appear or rise suddenly)[I+prep](fml)：Tears～ed from her eyes. 熱淚從眼中流出。Blood～ed from the wound. 鮮血從傷口流出。Tears～ed to Jennie's eyes. 珍妮熱淚盈眶。Her eyes almost～ed out of her head in terror.她因恐怖瞪大了雙眼。eyes seeming to～from their sockets 雙眼瞪得似乎要從眼眶中擠出來;
?start a family(夫婦)生育第一個(gè)小孩：They are hoping to～a family soon. 他們希望很快就會有個(gè)小孩。
?start from scratch 從頭開始，白手起家：The company lost all its plants through enemy bombing，so that in 1945 they～ed absolutely from scratch. 由于敵人轟炸，公司失掉了所有工廠，所以他們在1945年白手起家又從頭干起。
?start off on the right/wrong foot (with sb)從開始就和某人處好(不好)關(guān)系(infml)：It's a good idea to try to～off on the right foot with everybody. 從一開始就和每個(gè)人搞好關(guān)系實(shí)為明智之舉。
?start sth (infml)開始爭斗(論)，惹麻煩：He's really～ed something now. 他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)真地惹了麻煩。
?to start with (v prep) 1)第一，首先(vi)：You have no right to stay here，to～with.首先你無權(quán)住在這兒。2)起初，開始(vi)：He was an engineer to～with，then a manager.他一開始擔(dān)任工程師，后來升任經(jīng)理。
?start back (v adv) 1)開始返回(vi)：I think we should～back fairly soon if we want to get home before dark. 我認(rèn)為如果我們想天黑前到家，我們應(yīng)該馬上動身往回走。2)驚退(回)：She～ed back in horror when she saw the corpse. 她一見到尸體就嚇得猛地向后退縮。
?start for (v prep)啟程前往……(vt)：When do you～for London? 你什么時(shí)候啟程去倫敦?
?start in on sb (for sth)(v adv prep)責(zé)罵，攻擊，訓(xùn)斥(vt)(infml)：Don't～in on me，it's not my fault. 別責(zé)怪我，那不是我的錯(cuò)。
?start in (on sth/to do sth)(v adv)開始做某事(vi)： It's about time we～ed in to talk/on talking/on a talk about it.是我們開始談此事的時(shí)候了。
?start off (v adv)開始(動)(vi)：The boys～ed off across the field. 那些男孩們動身穿過田野。
?start off (on)(v adv)(使)開始干(vi & vt)：They～ed off on their journey at dawn. 黎明時(shí)他們踏上了旅途。I can～them off on another foreign language soon. 我很快就可以讓他們開始學(xué)第二門外語了。
?start out (on sth/to do sth)(v adv prep)1)啟程(vt)：The children were always excited to～out on a camping trip. 啟程去露營孩子們總是非常興奮。2)開始時(shí)打算做(vi)：I～ed out to make the dress by myself，but in the end I had to ask for help. 我開始時(shí)打算自己做衣服的，但最終還是得請別人幫忙完成。
?start up (v adv)使開始(啟動)(vt & vi)：How do you～up this motorcycle? 你如何發(fā)動這輛摩托車的? The engine～ed up suddenly. 發(fā)動機(jī)突然運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來。
?start up (in sth)(v adv)開始一生涯(工作)(vi)：How much would it cost to～up in the insurance business? 開辦保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)要花多少錢?
?→′starting-block n 起跑器;′starting-gate n(賽馬、狗等的)起跑門;′starting-point n 起點(diǎn);′starting-post n 起跑柱(點(diǎn));′starting-price n 臨賽賭賠率;
?n(1)開始(端)，起程，動身(beginning of an action，an activity，a journey，a scheme，a race，etc)[C]：a good/lucky～良好/幸運(yùn)的開端;as the～of the hike 作為徒步旅行的出發(fā)點(diǎn);at the～of the race 在賽跑開始時(shí);line up at the～在起跑線上排好;the～of a film 電影的開始;from～to finish 自始至終;get ready for the～準(zhǔn)備開始;make a～on that work/the cooking/a journey 開始那項(xiàng)工作/做飯/旅行;win from the～從一開始就獲勝;〖同〗beginning，opening，birth，creation，dawn;〖反〗end，finish;
?(2)開始的機(jī)會(照應(yīng)，幫助) (chance， opportunity，aid，or encouragement given to a person starting on a course or career)[C]：give sb a fresh～給某人一個(gè)重新開始的機(jī)會;The bride's parents gave the couple a～by buying them a house. 新娘的父母給這對新人買了一幢房子讓他們成家?！纪給pening chance，introduction，opportunity，support，aid;
?(3)領(lǐng)先(有利)地位，起始優(yōu)勢((in a race，etc) advantage of beginning before or further forward than others，or the amount of time，distance，etc gained through this)[U，a～]：give sb much～給某人許多起始優(yōu)勢;get a good～in business/life 在商業(yè)上得天獨(dú)厚/生活上優(yōu)越;get a～of five metres/five seconds in the race 領(lǐng)先五米/五秒起跑;All that money gives him a～over his rivals. 那筆錢使他比對手占了優(yōu)勢。〖同〗lead，advantage，advance，priority;〖反〗disadvantage，handicap;
?(4)驚起(跳)(quick uncontrolled movement，esp of sudden surprise，fear，pain，etc)[C，通常sing]：give sb quite a～使某人大吃一驚;wake up (from the bad dream) with a～(惡夢中)驚醒;On seeing the snake，the girl sprang up with a～. 一看見蛇，那女孩就驚跳起來?！纪絡(luò)ump，turn;
?for a start 首先：You can't have a new bicycle because for a～we can't afford one. 你不能擁有一輛新自行車，首先是因?yàn)槲覀冑I不起。
?get off to a good/bad start 一開始很好(糟)：The chairman got the meeting off to a good～. 主席使會議從一開始就進(jìn)行得很順利。
?【辨異】start與 begin和commence的區(qū)別見BEGIN。