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(1)懂，了(理)解，熟悉(know; grasp the idea of; comprehend)[I， T+n， T+-ing， T+wh]： Do you～(this new word/me)? 你懂(這個(gè)生詞/我的話)嗎?You see，I don't even～your attitude/your explanations/the rules/the conditions/the instructions. 你看，我甚至連你的態(tài)度/你的解釋/這些規(guī)定/這些情況/這些指示都不懂。I think I can～the position you're all in. 我想我能理解你們所處的境地。～his absence/his failure to attend the meeting 理解他缺席/不出席會(huì)議的原因;He can perfectly～Spanish/sign language/modern literature/finance/the trade. 他精通西班牙語(yǔ)/手勢(shì)語(yǔ)/現(xiàn)代文學(xué)/財(cái)政學(xué)/這個(gè)行業(yè)。I can't～neglecting children like that/his resigning his job/him leaving so suddenly/their being forbidden to go to the meeting. 我對(duì)那樣忽視兒童/他辭去自己的工作/他這么突然離去/禁止他們參加會(huì)議不能理解。I don't～what you mean/why Martin should desire to spend his time in a laboratory. 我不明白你的話是什么意思/馬丁為什么希望把時(shí)間全泡在實(shí)驗(yàn)室。We～how to use electricity， but we do not fully～what it is. 我們熟悉如何使用電，但并不充分了解電的本質(zhì)是什么。〖同〗comprehend，make out，realize，see;

(2)明了，對(duì)……理(諒)解(know thoroughly;show a sympathetic or tolerant attitude)[I， T+n， T+that， T+wh， T+ing]：If he loves her，he'll～. 如果他愛(ài)她，就會(huì)諒解她。If you cannot do it，I will～. 如果你做不到我會(huì)理解?！玠ogs/children 了解狗/兒童;～machin-ery/modern music熟悉機(jī)械/現(xiàn)代音樂(lè);(people) thoroughly～each other/one another even if they don't always agree(人們)盡管意見(jiàn)經(jīng)常不一致， 而彼此之間卻能完全諒解;quite～that sb needs a change相當(dāng)清楚某人需要換一換環(huán)境;～how sb feels/how hard things have been for sb理解某人的感受/情況對(duì)某人是多么艱難;I～your not wanting to discuss the matter. 我理解你為什么不想討論這件事情。〖同〗know，be aware，sympathize with，appreciate;〖反〗misunderstand;

(3)聽說(shuō)，推測(cè)，猜想(learn indirectly;conclude;infer)[T+that， C+n+to-inf， T+wh](fml)：Mother～s that her daughter is in Paris/you're coming to work for us. 母親聽說(shuō)她的女兒在巴黎/你要來(lái)為我們干活兒。I understood he was married， but I find I was misinformed. 我聽說(shuō)他結(jié)婚了，但是現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)我的消息并不準(zhǔn)確?！玸b to say/as saying that he will cooperate猜想某人說(shuō)的是他將合作;They understood him to say that he would telephone/my letter to be a subtle warning. 他們推斷他說(shuō)的意思是他會(huì)打電話來(lái)/他們把我的信看作難以捉摸的告誠(chéng)。We understood her suggestion as a complaint. 我們把她的建議看成是發(fā)牢騷。At first I didn't～how ill she was. 起初我沒(méi)料到她病成這個(gè)樣子?！纪絣earn，realize，gather;

(4)相信，以為當(dāng)然(believe;accept as true) [T+that， 常pass]：We～that he is abroad. 我們認(rèn)為他在國(guó)外。It is understood that the fee is 5 dollars/we'll meet at the corner at 4 o'clock . 當(dāng)然手續(xù)費(fèi)就是五美元/我們四點(diǎn)鐘在拐角處見(jiàn)面。(one's expenses)will be paid， that's understood(某人的費(fèi)用)自會(huì)有人代付;I～that you will repay this loan in 30 days. 我相信30天后你就能償還這筆貸款?！纪絪uppose，assume，take for granted;

(5)把……解釋(理解)為，判斷 (interpret;assign a meaning to)[T+n+prep(by)， T+that， C+n+to-inf常pass]：What do you～(by the order to move on) — Where do they want us to go?你如何解釋(繼續(xù)前進(jìn)的命令)，他們要我們?nèi)ツ睦?By“children”，it's understood that they mean people under 14 (“Children”is understood to mean those under 14). 所謂“兒童”指的是/是指14歲以下者。I～the message to mean they aren't coming. 我判斷電文的意思是說(shuō)他們不打算來(lái)了。You are to～the phrase literally. 你要照字面來(lái)判斷這個(gè)短語(yǔ)的確切含義?！纪絡(luò)udge，think;〖反〗misunderstand;

(6)省略，不表示出來(lái)(supply mentally(sth implied though not expressed))[T+n，尤pass]：In the sentence“I took some chocolate and John a cake”， the verb“took”is understood after“John”.在“I took some chocolate and John a cake (我拿了一些巧克力，約翰拿了蛋糕)”一句中“John”后邊的動(dòng)詞“took”被省略。The common saying “I'll see you later” is often shortened to “See you later” with the “I'll” understood. 通常說(shuō)的“I'll see you later(以后再見(jiàn))”往往省去“I'll”，簡(jiǎn)化為“See you later”?！纪給mit;

(7)熟知，對(duì)……懂行(have a grasp or understanding of sth)[I+prep];He～s about computers. 他對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)很懂行。

make oneself understood使旁人理解自己的意思：Now I can manage to make myself uderstood sufficiently in your language. 我現(xiàn)在可以運(yùn)用你們的語(yǔ)言來(lái)充分地表達(dá)自己的意思了。

give sb to understand (that)使某人領(lǐng)會(huì);通知某人(fml)：They gave us to～that they would help/their house was some little distance off. 他們向我們表明他們會(huì)來(lái)幫忙/他們的房子離這兒有點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)。I was given to～that you were coming at 2 o'clock. 有人通知我說(shuō)你兩點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)。

→?under′standing n 理解; ?under′standable adj 可以理(諒)解的，可懂的;?under′standably adv 同情地;?under′standableness n推測(cè);?under′standa′blity n 理解;′misunder′stand v 誤解;

【辨異】understand與comprehend和know的區(qū)別見(jiàn)COMPREHEND。