宣統(tǒng)三年(1911),在中華大地上發(fā)生了辛亥革命。10月10日，武昌炮聲響后，天津立即響應。
辛亥革命爆發(fā)以前，天津的革命黨人和愛國志士，已積極開展反對清王朝的活動。當武昌起義的消息傳到天津后，許多革命黨人從全國各地和海外云集天津。光復會、急進會、北方革命總團、女子革命同盟等革命團體，像雨后春筍般地涌現(xiàn)出來，其中共和會影響最大。該組織由北洋法政和北洋女子師范兩校師生為主組成，成員有白雅雨、胡憲、于樹德、凌鉞、劉清揚(女)等。李大釗也曾參加共和會的籌備活動。這時的天津已成為北方革命派的活動中心。是年11月13日，順直咨議局發(fā)表通電，主張實行“共和政體” 。接著《民興報》、《經(jīng)緯報》也發(fā)表同情革命、贊成共和的言論，從而打破了天津輿論界君主立憲論的一統(tǒng)天下。是年12月1日，中國同盟會京津保支部也在津成立。成為領導京、津、保地區(qū)革命的重要組織。
與此同時，袁世凱為控制天津，竭力采取鎮(zhèn)壓手段。首先，慘害了準備在天津舉義的革命黨人王熙普(藝名鐘聲)等人。王熙普于是年11月初，在上海參加了武裝起義，被推舉為滬軍都督府12名參謀之一，成為革命軍中風云人物。中旬，王熙普潛來天津，住在奧租界于家大院伶友劉子良家中，聯(lián)絡藝人，醞釀起義，使當局惶恐不安。12月2日夜，直隸總督陳夔龍奉袁世凱旨意，派軍警會同奧租界巡捕闖進劉宅，逮捕王熙普、劉子良等7人。轉日傍晚，王熙普被押赴津西疙瘩洼營地，慘遭殺害。成為辛亥革命期間在津最早犧牲的烈士。
清朝統(tǒng)治者的恫嚇、逮捕和屠殺，沒有嚇倒革命黨人。12月14日，各革命團體聯(lián)合組成北方革命協(xié)會，由湖北軍政府代表胡鄂公任會長，加強了革命力量。月底，北方革命協(xié)會派白雅雨等前往灤州領導駐軍起義，起義勝利后，南下天津。翌年1月2日，灤州新軍宣布獨立，成立軍政府。起義軍在進軍途中，遭到伏擊。因寡不敵眾而失敗。白雅雨等人壯烈犧牲。噩耗傳來，人們非常悲痛。北洋法政學堂學生李大釗等人，特為白雅雨老師舉行了隆重的追悼大會，誓為實現(xiàn)先烈遺愿，繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗。

·王熙普(藝名鐘聲1874-1911)
辛亥革命在津就義

在準備武裝起義的同時，革命黨人還成立了暗殺團，采用暗殺手段，打擊反動勢力。1912年1月26日，天津暗殺團團長薛成華和團員尹漁村等4人，在新車站(今北站)謀刺從京返津的北洋巡防大臣張懷芝。雖然未能成功，卻顯示了革命黨人的頑強斗志。因為此次暗殺被捕遇害的薛成華的一首遺詩，就是這種斗志的寫照： “男兒死爾果何悲，斷體焚身任所為； 寄語同志須努力，功成早建蕩夷碑?！?br>1912年1月27日，北方革命協(xié)會在西開織布局和法租界吉祥里，舉行緊急會議。會上，胡鄂公報告了在南京謁見大總統(tǒng)孫中山和孫中山寄厚望于北方革命黨人的情況。會議決定在29日午夜舉事，計劃分兵九路，一舉占領天津，再直搗京城。當夜，戰(zhàn)斗打響后，起義隊伍與清軍在東馬路、金鋼橋畔、督署衙門前沿，都曾發(fā)生激烈槍戰(zhàn)。強攻督署的戰(zhàn)士，冒著敵人的炮火，頻頻發(fā)起攻擊，曾一度占領東轅門。但終因敵我力量懸殊，缺乏后援，激戰(zhàn)數(shù)小時后，又告失敗。錢秀峰等捐軀戰(zhàn)場。
In 1911(the 3rd year of Emperor Xuantong),Revolutionof 1911(the year of Xinhai),also called XinhaiRevolution,took place. This was a great revolution inmodern China. It ended the feudal monarchism that hadruled China for more than 2000 years and opened a newhistoric era.
In October 10,1911 when Wuchang Uprising tookplace,the situation in China changed abruptly. Provincesin south China quickly responded with military actions.Tianjin,the northern city of military importance underthe foot of the capital,was critical in balancing therevolutionary and counterrevolutionary power in China.Moving and gloriously,the courageous Tianjin peoplelaunched fierce attack again and again to the QingGovernment for final victory.
Before Xinhai revolution,revolutionists andpatriots in Tianjin had actively taken activities againstthe Qing Government. When the news of WuchangUprising reached Tianjin,they were greatly inspired.Many revolutionists gathered in Tianjin from othercities and abroad,preparing for the final blow to QingDynasty. They mainly came from such revolutionaryentities as Guangfu League,Radicalist League,NorthernRevolution Group General and Women RevolutionAlliance,emerging like bamboo shoots after a springrain. Among these,Republic League was one of themost influential in Tianjin. Most members of RepublicAssociation came from Beiyang Law and PoliticalScience College and Beiyang Women Normal School,including Bai Yayu,Hu Xian,Yu Shude,Ling Yueand Liu Qingyang (female) etc. Li Dazhao had alsoparticipated in the preparation for the founding ofRepublic League and at that time Tianjin was therevolutionary center in north China. In November 13,Shunzhi Consultancy Union issued a declaration thatadvocated the practice of republic. Following that,Minxing Newspaper and Jingwei Newspaper alsopublished articles that showed sympathy to revolutionsand their support to republic. These breached the rulingof constitutional monarch in the public. In December 1st,Beijing,Tianjin and Baoding Branch of China FederalAssociation was also founded in Tianjin and it becamethe important organization that led the revolutionaries inBeijing,Tianjin and Baoding.
However,Yuan Shikai tried to suppress therevolutionaries in order to control Tianjin. He first killedsome of the revolutionaries preparing for a revolt inTianjin including Wang Xipu (Stage name,Zhongsheng,meaning the sound of bell)and others. Wang Xipuparticipated in the armed uprising in Shanghai in thebeginning of November in 1911. He was elected as oneof the twelve brain men for the governor of Shanghaiarmy. In mid November,Wang Xipu came to Tianjin insecret. He lived in the home of his friend Liu Ziliang inAustrian concession. He contacted actors and preparedfor revolts,which greatly terrified the authorities. At thenight of December 2nd,under the order of Yuan Shikai,the chief governor of Zhili Province,Chen Kuilong,sent policemen from his government and the Austrianconcession to the home of Liu Ziliang,and arrestedseven people including Wang Xipu and Liu Ziliang.In the evening of the next day,Wang Xipu was killedin Gadawa barrack in the west of Tianjin. He was oneof the martyrs that died earliest in Tianjin in XinhaiRevolution.
The threatening,arresting and slaughter by theQing government did not terrify the revolutionaries.However,it reinforced their resolution to overthrowthe government. In December 14,1911,revolutionarygroups combined into Northern Revolution Union,reinforcing their revolutionary power. Hu Egong,therepresentative of Hubei Army Government,was electedas chairman. In the end of December,the NorthernRevolution Union sent Bai Yayu to Luanzhou to lead thearmy there for rising. After the victory of the rising,theLuanzhou army went south to Tianjin. In January 2,1912,the Luanzhou New Army declared independence andfounded Luan Zhou Military Government. However,thearmy was ambuscaded in its marching by Yuan Shikai`sarmy and was seriously defeated. Bai Yayu was alsokilled in the battle. People grieved over the death of BaiYayu. Li Dazhao and other students of Beiyang Law andPolitical Science held a formal mourn for Bai Yayu andexpressed their resolution to continue the revolution.
In making preparations for the military rising,therevolutionaries also founded an assassination associationto strike the counter-revolution power. In January26,1912,the leader of the assassination association,XueChenghua and other three members of the associationplanned to assassinate Northern Defense Official ZhangHuaizhi on his way from Beijing to Tianjin. Thoughthey failed finally,they showed informidable will of therevolutionaries which was reflected in a poem written byXue Chenghua before he was killed. It wrote:
Never will a real man grieve over his death,
Because even if he will be killed or burned,He stillTries to do whatever he likes with his last breath;
My purpose to write this poem is to encourage allmy fellows:
Never give up unless dictator`s steles areoverthrown and you make success!
In January 27,1912,the Northern RevolutionUnion held an urgent meeting in Xikai Weaving Bureauand Jixiangli in French concession. At the meeting,Hu Egong made a report about his meeting with thepresident Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing and the president`s finewish to the northern revolutionaries. At the meeting,they decided to uprise at the midnight of December 29.They planned to organize the army in nine groups,tooccupy Tianjin at one stroke and then finally occupyBeijing. At the night of December 29,after the combatbegan,the rising army had fierce gunfight with the Qingarmy in East Road,Jingang Bridge and governor office.The groups for attacking the governor`s office had beenlaunched attack several times and had been occupyingthe east gate. However,the uprising failed finally afterfierce combat for several hours because of the greatdisparity between armed forces of the union and theQing government. Many excellent soldiers such as QianXiufeng were killed in the combat.

·有關辛亥革命的著書