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(1)1)申請，請求(act of requesting formally and in writing)[U][N(to)(for)]：make～to the secretary向秘書提出申請;make～for a job/a post 申請工作/職位;make～at the counter 在柜臺處申請;deny/refuse/approve sb's～for membership (passport) 拒絕/拒絕/批準(zhǔn)某人的入會(護(hù)照)申請;〖同〗request;2)申請書(such a request)[C]：send/write/receive/have several～s for a job 寄/寫/收到/收到數(shù)份工作申請書;an～form 申請表;file an～for divorce 提交離婚申請;fill out an～填申請表;

(2)1)涂(敷)用(act of putting or spreading sth onto or next to sth)[U，C][N(of)(to)]：The～of the medicine should be careful.敷用此藥應(yīng)小心。The cut needs an～of ointment three times a day.這傷口需每日涂三次軟膏。order～(s) of ice to the forehead 吩咐用冰敷前額;lotion for external～only 僅供外用的敷劑;Three～s a/per day is necessary.每日必須上(藥)三次?！玱f three coats of paint 涂三層油漆;a second～of varnish 再涂一層清漆;The～of this cream to your face is supposed to make you look younger.用這種膏擦臉會使人顯得年輕。2)涂(敷)劑(substance，esp medicine，put or spread on)[C]：an～to relieve muscle pain 肌肉止疼敷劑;a liquid～水質(zhì)敷藥;get the～from the doctor 從大夫處得到這種外用藥;An～made from wild plants quickly healed the wound.用一種野生植物制成的敷藥很快治愈了傷口。The～is made of cold cream and ointment.這敷劑由冷霜和藥膏制成。

(3)實施，生效(making (a rule，etc) operate or effect)[U]：the strict～of the law嚴(yán)格實施法律;They believed in the～of force.他們信奉使用武力。

(4)適用(合)(capacity of being useful or suitable for a particular purpose)[U，C][N(to)]：the～of a rule to a particular situation 一規(guī)則在一特殊情況下的使用;Geometry has practical～s.幾何學(xué)有實際用途。

(5)專心，勤奮(careful and continuous attention or effort)[U]：The work demands close/great～.這項工作需要專心致志地去做。work with great～非常勤奮地工作;show～in one's study 在學(xué)習(xí)中勤奮努力;lack～to one's study學(xué)習(xí)不夠?qū)Ｐ?She has got a good job through/by sheer～.她完全靠勤奮得到了一份好工作?！挤础絠nattention;

(6)應(yīng)(運)用(act of making practical or active use of a theory，discovery，etc)[U，C][N(of) (to)]：the～of science to industry科學(xué)在工業(yè)上的應(yīng)用;the practical～of scientific discoveries to industrial production methods 科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方法中的應(yīng)用;(new discovery) have an～(a variety of～s) in medicine (新發(fā)現(xiàn))在醫(yī)學(xué)上有(多種)應(yīng)用;find an～(a variety of～s) of the new invention in industry 找到該項新發(fā)明在工業(yè)上的(多種)應(yīng)用;the～of what one knows 運用自己的知識;

← ap′ply v;

【用法】application 當(dāng)“申請，請求”(見(1))講時，其后介詞的用法與apply相同(見APPLY)。

【辨異】application 與effort都可表示出于一定目的的行為和花費的氣力。application指持續(xù)的effort并且全神貫注;effort(努力)指投入精力以實現(xiàn)某一確定的目標(biāo)，如：make an effort to control oneself(竭力控制自己);還有endeavour(努力，企圖)和exertion(努力，用力)，前者指持續(xù)不斷的effort以實現(xiàn)某個值得的但也是困難的目的，如：make every endeavour to pass one's examination(盡最大努力通過考試);后者指精力充沛的行為，通常沒有明確的目的，如：out of breath from exertion(由于用力而氣喘吁吁)。