n (1)(尤指兒童)玩(耍)，游戲 (activity done for pleasure or amusement， esp by children) [U]： children/young lambs at～ 嬉戲玩耍的孩子們/小羊羔;spend the whole afternoon in～花整個(gè)下午的時(shí)間玩;the advantages of learning through～寓學(xué)于樂(lè)的各種優(yōu)點(diǎn);All work and no～can make you ill. 只工作不娛樂(lè)會(huì)使人生病?！纪絘musement，recreation，entertainment， fun;〖反〗work;
?(2) 1)體育比(競(jìng))賽 (activity of playing a game) [U]： The rain stopped～this morning.今天上午下雨，比賽未進(jìn)行。That was pretty～. 那場(chǎng)比賽漂亮極了。2)比(競(jìng))賽的表現(xiàn)或作風(fēng) (action or manner in a game) [C， U]： We admired his fine/excellent～all last season. 在整個(gè)上一個(gè)賽季我們都被他精湛的球技所傾倒。a defensive/passing～(尤 AmE)防守/傳球動(dòng)作;a good～良好賽風(fēng);be penalized for rough～由于作風(fēng)粗野而受罰;
?(3)戲(劇)，劇本 (piece of writing to be performed by actors; drama) [C]： go to a～去看戲(劇);a radio/dance～廣播/舞劇;act/take part in a～參加一個(gè)劇的表演;write a new～寫一個(gè)新劇本;a fine edition of Shakespeare's～s 莎士比亞戲劇精裝本;〖同〗drama，show;
?(4)活動(dòng)的范圍(余地) (freedom of movement within a space) [U]： give the rope/the line more～把繩子/漁線再放松一些;need more～on the rope 繩子還得再放松些;loosen one's jacket to give one's arms more～解開衣服讓胳膊更自由地活動(dòng);a knot with too much～打得太松的結(jié);allow full～to one's curiosity 讓好奇心充分發(fā)展;give free～to one's fancy/one's emotions 讓好奇心自由發(fā)展/任感情泛濫;〖同〗scope，margin，room;
?(5)活動(dòng);作用(action or operation) [U]： come into～開始行動(dòng);the～of forces 力的作用;be in full～正在充分發(fā)揮作用;
?(6)跳(閃，波)動(dòng) (light， quick， constantly changing movement) [U]： the～of sunlight on (upon) water/coloured lights across a stage 陽(yáng)光在水面上閃爍/彩光在舞臺(tái)上閃動(dòng);
?(7)賭博 (taking part in gambling) [U]： lose money at～在賭博中輸錢;lose/win $1000 in one evening's～在一晚上的賭博中輸/贏了1000美元;
?(8)(棋牌比賽)走一步棋或出一張牌，輪值 ((sb's) turn or move in cards， chess， etc) [U， a～]： It's sb's～. 該某人出牌(走下一步棋)了。
?bring sth into play 使產(chǎn)生影響(發(fā)揮作用)： He brought all his strength into～to move the rock. 他用盡全身力氣去搬那塊石頭。
?come into play 開始產(chǎn)生影響(發(fā)揮作用)： Who knows what forces come into～when these decisions are made? 誰(shuí)知道這些決定作出后會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么影響?
?in play 開玩笑的，不是認(rèn)真的： The remark was only made in～. 那話不過(guò)是開開玩笑。
?in/out of play (指足球，板球比賽中的球)位于/未位于比賽規(guī)則所允許的位置上;
?make a play for sb/sth 想盡辦法獲得某人(物)： make a～for the prettiest girl in the college/the leadership of the party 想方設(shè)法引誘學(xué)院里最漂亮的女孩子/獲得黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位;
?a play on words 一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)： The advertising slogan is a～on words. 那條廣告語(yǔ)一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)。
?→′playlet n 短劇;′play-act v 假裝，做作，裝腔作勢(shì);′play-acting n 演戲;做作;′playbill n 劇場(chǎng)節(jié)目單，演出海報(bào);′playboy n 沉湎于作樂(lè)的富家子弟;花花公子;?play-by-′play n (AmE)體育比賽的詳細(xì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道;′playfellow， ′playmate n (尤指兒童的)游戲伙伴;′playgoer n 戲迷，經(jīng)常看戲的人;′playground n 操場(chǎng);游樂(lè)場(chǎng);度假地;′playgroup， ′playschool n 學(xué)前班;′playhouse n 劇場(chǎng);(或′Wendy house) 供兒童在內(nèi)游戲用的模型房屋;′play-pen n 供嬰幼兒獨(dú)自在內(nèi)玩耍的便攜式圍欄;′play-room n 兒童游戲室;′plaything n 玩具;被別人當(dāng)作玩偶的人;′playtime n 學(xué)校里的課外活動(dòng)時(shí)間;playwright n 劇作家;
?v (1) 1)玩，游戲(do things for pleasure) [I， I+prep (with)， I+adv]： The children have gone out to～/are～ing (about) in the garden. 孩子們已經(jīng)出去玩了/正在花園里游戲?！玾ith a ball/a toy/a bicycle/sb 玩球/玩玩具/騎自行車玩/與某人玩;～indoors/for a long time 在室內(nèi)玩/玩很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間;〖同〗sport; 〖反〗work; 2) (尤指兒童)假裝(扮) ((esp of children) amuse oneself by pretending to be or do sth) [I+prep(at) 無(wú)pass， T+n 無(wú)pass， T+ing]： Let's～(at) (being) doctors and patients/keeping shop/going to work by bus 讓我們來(lái)假扮醫(yī)生和病人/玩開商店/玩乘公共汽車上班吧。
?(2)開(某人的)玩笑 (carry out or do a trick on sb for amusement) [T+n， T+n+prep(on)， D+n+n 無(wú)pass]：～a joke/a prank/a trick (on sb) 開(某人的)玩笑/捉弄(某人)/(對(duì)某人)耍花招;He～ed me a nasty trick by taking all the money. 他對(duì)我惡作劇，把錢都拿走了。〖同〗fool;
?(3)參加(運(yùn)動(dòng)或比賽)，同……比賽 (take part in a sport or game; compete against sb in a game) [I， I+prep(with/against)， T+n， T+n+prep(with/against/at)]： She doesn't feel well enough to～. 她感覺(jué)不舒服，不能打比賽;～(darts) with/against one's friends 與朋友們比賽(飛鏢);On Saturday England are～ing against France. 星期六英國(guó)要和法國(guó)比賽?！玣ootball/cricket/chess/cards 踢足球/打板球/下棋/打牌;The teams play each other on Sunday. 兩隊(duì)星期日比賽。～sb (at tennis/cards) 與某人比賽(網(wǎng)球)/打(牌);〖同〗contend，compete，challenge;
?(4)賭(博) (gamble at or on (sth)) [I， T+n]：～for heavy stakes/for pennies/at roulette table 賭大錢/賭小錢/玩輪盤賭;～the casinos/the stock-market/one's last dollar 賭紙牌/投機(jī)股票市場(chǎng)/賭上自己最后的一元錢;〖同〗bet，gamble;
?(5) 1)(在球隊(duì)中)打某個(gè)位置 (take a particular position， job in a team game) [I+prep， T+n]：～goal/in the midfield 守球門/打中場(chǎng);～(as/at) centre-forward/first base/fullback/the main attacker 擔(dān)任中鋒/一壘手/后衛(wèi)/主攻手;2)讓……在球隊(duì)打球 (include as a member of a team) [T+n， T+n+prep(as)， C+n+as]： They couldn't decide whether to～Jones or Smith in the cricket match. 他們不能決定是讓瓊斯還是讓史密斯上場(chǎng)參加板球賽。～sb on the wing 讓某人擔(dān)任邊鋒;～sb as/at centre-forward 讓某人擔(dān)任中鋒;Who shall we～as goalkeeper? 我們讓誰(shuí)擔(dān)任守門員?
?(6)(以某種方式或朝某個(gè)方向)擊(踢，投)(球等) (hit the ball， etc in a specified manner or direction) [I， I+prep， I+adv， T+n， T+n+prep， T+n+adv]： He～ed (at the ball) and missed. 他去擊球但沒(méi)有打著?！玹he ball just over the net 打一個(gè)低網(wǎng)球;～the ball with one's hands 用手擊(接)球;
?(7)出(一張牌);走(一步棋) (place a playing card face upwards on the table in a game of cards or move a piece or figure on the board in chess) [I， T+n]： Have you～ed? 你出牌了嗎?～one's king of hearts/one's bishop 出了一張紅桃K/走了一步象;～out of turn 不該出牌時(shí)出牌;
?(8)1)演奏樂(lè)器(曲) (perform on (a musical instrument)? perform (music)) [I， I+prep(on)， T+n， D+n+n， Dn+prep(for/to)]： He～s in an orchestra. 他在一個(gè)管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)里演奏. a band～ing in the distance 正在遠(yuǎn)處演奏的樂(lè)隊(duì);～the guitar/the violin/the flute/the piano 彈吉他/拉小提琴/吹長(zhǎng)笛/彈鋼琴;～the trumpet well 小號(hào)吹得好;～a tune on a guitar 用吉他演奏一支曲子;Who is going to～For Elise? 誰(shuí)來(lái)演奏《致愛(ài)麗絲》?～sb a piece by Beethoven/some Chopin/a march 為某人演奏貝多芬的一支曲子/幾首肖邦的曲子/一支進(jìn)行曲;～(a sonata) for/to an audience 為聽眾演奏(奏鳴曲);〖同〗perform， act; 2) (音樂(lè)，樂(lè)曲)演奏 ((of music) be performed) [I]： She could hear music～ing on the radio. 她可以聽見收音機(jī)里在放音樂(lè);3)(樂(lè)器)演奏 ((of a musical instrument) be performed) [I]： The piano～s better now. 鋼琴現(xiàn)在好彈了。
?(9) 1)放(唱片，錄音機(jī)等) (make (a record， tape-recorder， etc) produce sound) [T+n， D+n+n， Dn+prep(for/to)]： He～s his radio all day long. 他整天沒(méi)完沒(méi)了地放收音機(jī)。～sb a latest record 為某人放一張最新的唱片;～a jazz tape for/to sb 為某人放一盤爵士樂(lè)磁帶; 2) (唱片，磁帶等)播放 ((of a record， tape， etc) be made to produce sound) [I]： The radio/recorder/tape was～ing too loudly. 收音機(jī)/錄音機(jī)/磁帶聲音放得太響。
?(10) 1)表(扮)演 (act (a particular part) in a drama， etc) [T+n]：～Carmen/the lead in the school production of Hamlet 表演《卡門》/在學(xué)校排演的《哈姆雷特》中扮演主角;～(the part of) Othello/a scene 扮演奧賽羅(的角色)/演劇中的一場(chǎng)戲;get sb to～one's plays 讓某人表演自己的戲劇;2)(戲劇)上演 ((of a drama) be performed) [I， I+prep(to)]： What's～ing tonight? 今天晚上演什么?This scene doesn't～as well as it reads. 這一場(chǎng)戲演起來(lái)不如讀起來(lái)精彩。The second act～s well. 第二幕演得好。a production of King Lear～ing to enthusiastic audiences 為熱情的觀眾表演《李爾王》;
?(11)裝作是，假裝 (pretend to be) [L+adj， L+n， T+n 無(wú)pass]：～dead/sick 裝死/病;～a great lady/a politician/a diplomat/a sympathetic friend/a wronged wife 裝作貴夫人/政治家/外交家/富于同情心的朋友/受了冤枉的妻子;～the fool 做傻事;
?(12) 1)(不斷輕快地)跳(閃)動(dòng) (move quickly， lightly and continuously， esp often changing directions) [I+prep]： sunlight/light wind～ing on/over the surface of the lake 在湖面上閃爍的陽(yáng)光/吹過(guò)湖面的微風(fēng);The lightning～ed across the sky. 閃電劃破長(zhǎng)空。The searchlights～ed upon the road. 探照燈在路上照來(lái)照去。(a smile)～on/about sb's lips (fig) (笑容)泛上某人的嘴邊;(sb's mind)～on the idea of going away for a holiday (fig) (某人的頭腦)迅速地考慮外出度假的想法; 2)指向，(朝某一方向)瞄準(zhǔn)(射擊) (aim， direct， or fire esp in a specified direction) [T+n+prep]：～the torch beam over the walls 把電筒的光照在墻上;～a searchlight on the clouds/along the road 使探照燈光照射在云層上/沿著路照射;(firemen)～water/their hoses on the burning building (消防隊(duì)員) 向著火的建筑物噴水/用水管噴水;3)(噴泉等)噴水 ((of fountains， etc) be discharged repeatedly or continuously) [I]：There was a pond in the garden in which a fountain～ed. 花園里的池塘有一個(gè)噴泉在噴水。The water of the fountain～ed in the air. 噴泉的水噴向空中。
?(13)使(上鉤的魚)不停地扯動(dòng)漁線而使其疲乏 (allow (a hooked fish) to become exhausted by pulling against a line) [T+n];
?what sb is playing at (通常用于表示惱火)某人在胡鬧(胡擺弄)什么： What are you～ing at? Don't touch it; it isn't yours! 你在胡擺弄什么?別碰它，那不是你的!
?play about/around (with sb/sth) (v adv) 胡鬧，玩(擺)弄 (vi)： Now， now， stop～ing about and get the job finished. 好了，好了，別再胡鬧了，把活兒干完。I warned you not to～around with married women. 我警告過(guò)你不要與有夫之婦胡混?！玜bout with sb's expensive tools 亂擺弄某人的那些昂貴的工具;
?play along (with sb/sth) (v adv) 假裝同意(某人或某人的意見) (infml)(vi)： We'll～ing along with his suggestion， although it's not exactly what we wanted. 雖然他的建議并不完全符合我們的要求，我們還是要假裝同意。
?play at (v prep)不認(rèn)真做，做著玩兒(vt)： The chairman should be dismissed; he's just～ing at running this department. 系主任應(yīng)該解職，他管理這個(gè)系不過(guò)是敷衍了事。
?play back (to sb) (v adv) 放(錄音等)(vt)： It's always a shock when you first hear your own voice～ed back. 你第一次聽到自己聲音的錄音時(shí)總是會(huì)很吃驚。When we've finished the recording we'll～it back to you. 我們錄完音會(huì)放給你聽。
?play down (v adv) 降(貶)低： The doctors thought it kind to～down the serious nature of her illness. 醫(yī)生們認(rèn)為把她病情說(shuō)得輕點(diǎn)是好意。
?play in (v adv) 在某人進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)奏樂(lè)： The pianist～ed the happy pair in with the Wedding March. 鋼琴師彈奏《婚禮進(jìn)行曲》迎進(jìn)一對(duì)幸福的新人?！?strong>oneself in 在比賽開始時(shí)穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打;
?play off (v adv) (平局后)再賽以決出勝負(fù)(vt)： The two equal winners had to～off an additional game to decide the winner of the whole competition. 打成平手的雙方還得再比賽一次以確定整個(gè)比賽的勝者。
?play sb off against sb 在甲乙之間挑撥離間(以從中得利)： She～ed one friend off against the other. 她挑撥一對(duì)朋友之間的關(guān)系。
?play on 1) (v adv) 繼續(xù)比賽 (vi)： It was raining but we～ed on. 天下著雨，但我們繼續(xù)比賽。2) (v prep) (為達(dá)到個(gè)人目的而)利用 (vt)： He～ed on her kindness to get his clothes washed. 他利用她的好心來(lái)為他洗衣服。
?play out (v adv) 1)在某人離開時(shí)奏樂(lè)： The organist～ed the congregation out. 隨著風(fēng)琴師的琴聲，做禮拜的人走了出去。2)進(jìn)行，做：～out a battle 進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)斗;
?play up (v adv) 1)使惱火(vt)： Children often～their mothers up， just for fun. 小孩子們常常惹媽媽生氣，不過(guò)是為了好玩而已。2)大肆宣揚(yáng)，渲染(vt)：～up sb's past achievements/role in the affair 大肆宣揚(yáng)某人過(guò)去的成就/在那件事情中的作用;
?play up to (v adv prep) 討好，奉承，拍馬屁(vt)：～up to one's superiors 對(duì)上司溜須拍馬;
?play with (v prep) 1) = play about/around (with sb/sth); 2)玩弄(某人或某人的感情)：～with a woman's affections 玩弄女人的感情;3)有點(diǎn)想，隨便想想： He's often～ing with the idea of emigrating to Australia， but that's as far as it's gone. 他一直考慮移居澳大利亞，但只是想想，僅此而已。
?→′playable adj (場(chǎng)地)適合比賽的;′play-back n 放音(像)裝置;放音(像);played-′out adj 精疲力盡的;不再有用的;過(guò)時(shí)的;′player n 游戲者;選手;(尤指球類)運(yùn)動(dòng)員;演員;演奏者;唱機(jī);′playful adj 愛(ài)玩耍的;頑皮的;′playfully adv愛(ài)玩耍地;頑皮地;′playfulness n愛(ài)玩耍;頑皮;′play-off n實(shí)力相當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)之間決定勝者的)比賽;
?【辨異】play與game1和sport1的區(qū)別見GAME1。