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n (1)毀壞(滅)(severe damage or destruction)[U]：the～of a city/the monument 一城市/紀念碑的毀壞;reduce a city to a state of～使一座城市毀滅;the～of civilization/sb's hope 文明的毀滅/某人希望的破滅;national/social～國家的崩潰/社會的沒落;〖同〗decay，destruction;

(2)覆滅(崩潰，破產(chǎn))(total loss of one's fortune，position，prospects or honour)[U]：the～of property/the business/the bandits 財產(chǎn)的損失/企業(yè)的破產(chǎn)/土匪的覆滅;He was brought to～by drugs. 他因吸毒而破產(chǎn)了。R～stares him in the face. 他面臨著破產(chǎn)的危險。The company is facing～. 那家公司正面臨破產(chǎn)。on the brink of～在崩潰的邊緣;plan sb's～策劃搞垮某人;Drink/This very intelligence led (caused/brought about) his～. 酗灑/正因為聰明導致(造成/造成)他毀滅。

(3)禍因(cause of this)[U]：Gambling/Drinking was his～. 賭博/酗酒是他毀滅的原因。Fame will be the～of her. 聲譽將會毀了她。Military rule was the～of the Roman empire. 軍事統(tǒng)治是羅馬帝國滅亡的原因。The flood was the～of the harvest. 洪水是欠收的原因。〖同〗downfall，failure;〖反〗success，build-up;

(4)坍塌(破壞)的狀態(tài)(state of being damaged，destroyed or collapsed)[U]：The temple/castle has fallen into～. 那座寺廟/城堡已坍塌了。The boat/village went to (crumbled into)～. 這條船朽壞了/那座村莊已成廢墟了。

(5)廢墟，遺址;殘存(the parts of sth that remain after it has been severely damaged or spoiled)[C，常pl]：The temple is now a～. 那座寺廟如今已是一片廢墟。an old～on the top of the hill 山頂上一古老廢墟;the～s of ancient Troy/an ancient city古特洛伊城/一座古城遺址;This ancient Maya temple was splendid once，but it is a mere～now. 這座古瑪雅寺廟曾輝煌一時，但現(xiàn)在只是一堆廢墟。〖同〗remains，shell;

in ruins 成了一片廢墟，受到嚴重破壞：The houses across the street were in～s. 街對面的那片房子已是一片廢墟。His life/career/plan is in～s. 他的生活/事業(yè)/計劃毀掉了。

vt (1)毀壞(滅)(severely damage sth)[T+n]：The fire～ed the house. 這場火燒毀了那所房子。Loss of trade～ed the business. 買賣上的損失毀了這家企業(yè)?！玸b's career/one's prospects/one's health 毀掉某人的事業(yè)/前途/健康;His life was～ed by drink. 酗酒毀了他的生活?！纪絛estroy;〖反〗 help，improve;

(2)破壞(spoil)[T+n](infml)：The rain～ed my new dress. 這場雨毀了我的新衣服。Bad weather～ed our holiday. 壞天氣破壞了我們的假期。The entire day was～ed. 整個一天都給毀了。You'll～your boy! 你將寵壞你的男孩兒;

(3)使破產(chǎn)(make sb spend or lose all his money)[T+n]：The stock market crash～ed many people . 股票市場的崩潰使許多人破產(chǎn)。a～ed man 一個破產(chǎn)的人;〖同〗bankrupt，break;〖同〗enrich，profit;

→?rui′nation n 毀滅(壞);禍因;′ruinous adj 毀滅性的;′ruinously adv 毀滅性地