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v (1)擦，削，刮(move (a rough or sharp object) across (a surface)，esp to smooth or clean)[T+n，T+n+adv(down/out/off)，C+n+adj]：～potatoes/carrots 削土豆/胡蘿卜皮;～the wall clean/the runway clear of snow 把墻擦干凈/把跑道上的雪清除掉;～the wire/sb's muddy shoes with a knife 用刀子把電線皮剝掉/某人的泥鞋刮干凈;～the floor/the door (down)把地板/門(上的漆)擦干凈(掉);～out the jam jar/the bowl of sb's pipe/a sticky pan 把果醬罐/某人的煙斗/黏黏糊糊的鍋刮干凈;

(2)擦掉，刮去(remove (a layer) by rubbing)[T+n+prep(from/off)，T+n+adv(away/off)]：～the rust/the old paint/the mud off (a nail)刮掉(釘子上的)銹/舊油漆/泥;～icing from the plate 把盤子上的糖霜刮掉;～the paint from the door 把門上的油漆刮掉;〖同〗 clean，smooth;

(3)擦傷，刮壞(injure or damage the skin or surface of sth by rubbing against sth rough or sharp)[T+n，T+n+prep (against/on/along)，T+n+prep (from/off)，T+n+adv (away/off)]：～one's elbow/one's knee/one's hand (on the rock)(在石頭上)擦傷自己的肘部/膝蓋/手;～the side of the car along/against the wall 擦墻而過/蹭著墻時，汽車刮壞了側面;～the skin off (from one's knee)/the paint off (from the car)蹭掉(自己膝蓋上的)皮/(汽車上的)漆皮;〖同〗skin;

(4)擦(蹭，刮)(某物)(move along sth while just touching it)[I+prep (against/along/on)，T+n+prep (against/along/on)]：The branches of a falling tree～d against our windows. 一棵倒下的大樹樹枝擦過我們的窗戶。The ship～d against the buoy. 那艘船擦過浮標。 The broken tail pipe～d along the ground. 壞了的排氣管與地面發(fā)生刮蹭。A boat～d along the landing stage. 一艘船與浮碼頭發(fā)生了刮蹭。His chair/spoon/chalk～d (on the floor). 他的椅子/勺/粉筆(在地板上)蹭來蹭去(刮來刮去)。 The steamer's keel～d a rock in the river. 輪船的龍骨碰到河里的一塊石頭。Stop～ing your feet on the floor. 別把腳在地板上蹭。〖同〗 scratch，grind;

(5)挖(成)(make (a hole，etc) by scraping)[T+n，T+n+adv (out)]：～a hole (out) in the sand/the soil 在沙子/土地上挖(成)一個洞;

scrape a living 勉強糊口：He～d a living by selling a few of his paintings. 他靠賣畫勉強糊口。

scrape along/by (on)(v adv (prep))勉強維持生活(vi)(infml)：Those old people have to～along/by (on pension). 那些老人們只能(靠養(yǎng)老金)勉強維持生活。

scrape (up) an acquaintance with... 設法接近以結識某人(infml)：I managed to～up an acquaintance with some of the single passengers. 我設法和一些單身旅客接近，慢慢地便熟悉了。

scrape in/into (v adv/prep)勉強得到，擠進(vt)：How on earth did he～in/into the Foreign Service? 他究竟是怎樣擠進來的/擠進外交部的?

scrape (the bottom of) the barrel 好歹湊合(infml)：The garage owner had to～the bottom of the barrel to get a mechanic to work for him. 汽車修理廠的廠主只好勉強雇用了一個修理工。

scrape through (v prep)勉強及格(通過)(vt)：I just～d through my examination last term. 上學期我的考試勉強及格。

scrape up/together (v adv)設法湊集，積攢(vt)：～up enough money for a trip/to buy a bicycle 湊足錢去旅游/買自行車;～a team together/together a few pounds 湊一個隊/積攢幾英鎊;

→′scraper n 刮刀，刮削器;′scraping n 被刮下的碎屑;

n(1)刮擦(聲)(act or sound of scraping)[C，sing]：the～of sb's pen on paper/from the bow of a violin 某人的筆尖在紙上發(fā)出的沙沙聲/弓在小提琴上拉出的聲音;push the chair with a loud～推椅子發(fā)出很大的刺耳聲;the～of the shovel against rock 鐵鏟在巖石上蹭來蹭去(發(fā)出的聲音);

(2)擦傷(痕)(mark or slight wound made by scraping)[C]：get a bad～on one's arm/one's elbow/one's knee 使自己的胳膊/肘部/膝蓋嚴重擦傷;a～on the wall 墻上的一道劃痕;〖同〗 mark，score;

(3)(窘)困境(embarrassing or difficult situation)[C](infml)：lead/get sb into～s 導致/使某人陷入困境;get sb out of～使某人擺脫困境;〖同〗 difficulty，tough spot