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n (1)羞恥(愧)，慚愧(painful feeling caused by the guilt，wrongness，inability，or failure of oneself or a close friend，relative，etc)[U]：feel great～at having flunked the test/having told a lie 由于考試不及格/說謊而感到羞愧;feel no～for one's action 對自己的行動不感到羞恥;be full of～at one's rudeness 因自己的粗魯而羞愧;(memory) fill sb with～(想到某事)使某人羞愧難當;hang one's head/lower one's face/hide one's face in～羞愧得低下了頭;A feeling of～came over him. 他感到羞愧。A blush of～came to his cheeks. 他的面頰因羞愧而發(fā)紅。blush/flush with～因羞愧而臉紅;To my～，I must confess... 我很慚愧，我必須承認…… 〖同〗guilt，self-disgust;〖反〗shamelessness，pride，self-respect，glory;

(2)羞恥(愧)感，羞恥心(ability to feel shame)[U]：be completely without～恬不知恥;He had no～and never felt guilty. 他厚顏無恥，從來也沒有過負罪感。Some people have no (sense of)～. 有些人沒有恥辱感。 Where there is～，there may in time be virtue. 有廉恥感才可能有美德。

(3)恥辱(dishonour or disgrace)[U]：bring～on sb/oneself 給某人/自己丟臉;Shame on you! 真丟臉! The news that he had accepted bribes brought～on his whole family. 他受賄的消息使全家人蒙受恥辱?！纪絛isgrace，dishonour，humiliation;〖反〗honour，credit，glory，esteem;

(4) 1)可恥的人(事)(sb or sth that causes shame)[U，a～](derog)(infml)：It's a～to treat a child so cruelly/be so wasteful. 如此殘酷地對待孩子/這么浪費太可恥。His behaviour at the party was a～to us all. 他在聚會上的舉止令我們大家都感到羞恥。〖同〗disgrace; 2)遺憾，憾事(pity)[U，a～](derog)(infml)：What a～! 太遺憾了! It's a～that you didn't come. 你沒來，太遺憾了。To miss the chance of a holiday was a great～. 錯過了度假的機會，真是太遺憾了。

put sb/sth to shame 1)使蒙羞：The child behaved so rudely that he put his father to～. 那孩子的舉止如此粗魯，使他父親蒙受恥辱。2)使黯然失色：The cleanliness of European cities puts our cities to～. 歐洲的城市非常清潔，這使我們的城市相形見絀。

→′shamefaced adj 慚愧的，羞恥的;′shamefacedly adv 慚愧地，羞恥地;′shameful adj 可恥的，丟臉的;′shamefully adv可恥地，丟臉地;′shamefulness n可恥，丟臉;′shameless adj 無恥的，丟臉的，傷風敗俗的;′shamelessly adv 無恥地，不要臉地，傷風敗俗地;′shamelessness n 無恥，丟臉，傷風敗俗;

vt(1)使感到羞愧(cause sb to feel shame)[T+n]：He was～d by his failure to pass the final test. 他因期終考試不及格而感到羞愧。It～ed him to know that his father was a thief.他知道了父親是個小偷感到很丟臉。

(2)使蒙受恥辱，使丟臉(bring dishonour to)[T+n]：He has～d his parents by being sent to prison. 他被關進監(jiān)獄，使他父母丟了臉。It's quite～ing that... ……，太丟臉了。〖同〗embarrass，humiliate，disgrace，humble;

shame sb into/out of doing sth 使痛感慚愧而(不)做：How can we～the boy out of beating his little sister? 我們怎樣才能讓那男孩感到羞恥而不再打他的妹妹呢?～sb into apologizing 使某人出于慚愧而道歉;

【辨異】shame和embarrassment 都表示由于自尊心受到傷害時的痛苦感覺，但程度不同。shame 是由于認識到自己做了可恥或卑鄙的事產(chǎn)生的痛苦感覺，如：He felt shame at being caught in a lie.(他由于說謊被戳穿而感到羞愧。)embarrassment(困窘，尷尬)通常指比shame 程度較輕的痛苦感覺(困窘或?qū)擂蔚?，如：embarrassment over breaking a teacup at a party(在聚會時因打破茶杯而感到尷尬)。