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v (1)拉(張，繃)緊(stretch(sth)hard and tightly by pulling)[T+n，T+n+prep]：～a rope/wire/elastic 拉緊一根繩子/電線/松緊帶;The boats are～ing at the posts/their moorings. 船只緊拴在柱子上/泊區(qū)?！玹he cover over the top 把套子緊繃在蓋上;〖同〗stretch，pull，tighten，extend;〖反〗relax，loosen;

(2)盡(竭)力(exert all one's power，energy，etc ( to do sth))[I，I+to-inf，T+n，C+n+to-inf]：～and struggle 竭力奮爭;heaving and～ing竭盡全力;The engine～ed and the train rumbled away. 引擎奮力啟動，火車才咣當(dāng)咣當(dāng)?shù)亻_走了。The oxen～ed with all their might. 牛使出了全力?！玹o reach the high notes/hear what sb was saying/get one's orders out in time 全力唱出高音/傾心聽某人正在說什么/盡一切努力完成訂單;strain every nerve 全力以赴;～one's ears for a sound 豎起耳朵聽一個聲音;～one's eyes to see/one's voice to shout 極目看去/扯著嗓子喊;～every muscle to lift the stone 奮力把石頭舉起;〖同〗struggle;〖反〗relax，yield;

(3)(因過力)損傷(害)(damage or weaken by stretching too much)[T+n]：～one's eyes/one's elbow損傷眼睛/肘部;～one's heart/one's voice 勞損心臟/喊啞嗓子;～a muscle in one's leg 抻傷腿部一條肌肉;～one's Achilles， tendon playing tennis 打網(wǎng)球時(shí)扭傷了跟腱;If you pull so hard you will～yourself. 如果你過分拉扯，就會傷著?！纪絧ull，injure，weaken，twist;

(4)曲解，歪曲，濫用(force or stretch (sth) too far beyond acceptable or truthful limits)[T+n](fml)(fig)：～one's authority/one's rights/one's power 濫用權(quán)威/權(quán)利/權(quán)力;～a point 歪曲要點(diǎn);～the meaning of a word/the truth曲解詞義/事實(shí);His patience has been～ed to the limits. 他的耐心已經(jīng)達(dá)到了極限。

(5)過濾，濾出(separate (sth) into its solid and its liquid parts usu by using a strainer)[T+n]：～the soup/the coffee/the tea 濾湯/咖啡/茶;～the juice of the blackberries to make jelly 濾出黑莓的汁制作果凍;～gravy through a sieve to get the lumps out 用濾網(wǎng)過濾肉湯以便把肉塊濾出;～the vegetables/the potatoes濾出蔬菜/土豆;〖同〗screen，purify，drain，refine;

strain after (v prep)竭力追求(vt)：She is always～ing after praise and approval. 她總是在竭力追求贊揚(yáng)和嘉許。

strain at (v prep) 用力拉(拽……)(vt)：Although several sailors were～ing at the rope，they could not control the sail in the high wind. 雖然有好幾個水手在使勁拉帆索，但他們還是無法在大風(fēng)中控制好船帆。

strain away/off (v adv) 濾掉(vt)：S～the fat away before you serve the soup. 把湯中的油脂濾掉之后再端上桌。

→strained adj 不自然的;心力交瘁的;′strainer n(濾，篩)網(wǎng)，濾器;

n (1)拉(張，繃)緊;(拉、張、應(yīng)、作用)力(state of being stretched or pulled tightly;force or pressure causing this)[C，U]：The rope broke under the～. 繩子被拉斷了。a～gauge 張力儀;the breaking～of a cable 纜繩的致斷應(yīng)力;the～s and stresses of a bridge 橋的張力和壓力;feel a～on the line 感覺到繩子的拉力;measure the～on sth 測量某物的拉力;Nylon ropes take more～. 尼龍繩可承受更大的拉力?！纪絪tress，force，pressure，tension;

(2)(身心的)負(fù)擔(dān)(壓力)(great demand on one's mental or physical strength，abilities，etc)[C，U][N (on)]：a real～真正的壓力;a～on sb's patience 對某人容忍的壓力;be under severe/a lot of strain 在嚴(yán)重的/諸多的壓力下;the stresses and～s of business life 經(jīng)商生活的種種負(fù)擔(dān)和壓力;the current～in relations between the two countries 兩國關(guān)系當(dāng)前的緊張狀態(tài);stand the～承受壓力;begin to feel the～開始感到壓力;a～on sb's resources 某人的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān);put a great～on sb 對某人施加巨大壓力;

(3)勞累，疲勞(state of anxiety，tension and fatigue caused by this)[U]：the～of hard work/combat/sleepless nights 艱苦勞動/格斗/多夜不眠引起的疲勞;suffer from mental/nervous～遭受精神/神經(jīng)緊張引起的痛苦;The continual～aged her. 不斷的勞累使她蒼老。

(4)拉(扭，損)傷，勞損(injury，esp to a muscle caused by too much exertion)[C，U]：a painful～痛苦的扭傷;a back/groin/muscle～背/腹股溝/肌肉拉傷;heart～心臟勞損;a～of the lower leg 小腿的扭傷;suffer from muscular～遭受肌肉拉傷的痛苦;〖同〗sprain，pull，injury，twist