n (1)工作，勞動(physical or mental effort to make sth)[U]：skilled/semi-skilled/unskilled～技術(shù)/半技術(shù)/非技術(shù)性工作; indoor/outdoor～戶內(nèi)/戶外工作;mental/brain/intellectual～腦力勞動; manual/physical/labour/muscle～體力勞動; the～of rescue/calculating wages 營救/計算工資的工作; the～on hand 手頭上的工作; a man of all～多面手; knock off～for lunch 停止工作吃午飯; set/give/leave sb too much～分配/給/留給某人太多的工作; put in a lot of (hard)～writing that report 他花了許多精力寫那份報告; the～in genetic engineering 遺傳工程方面的工作; never/hardly do a stroke of～什么活兒都不干; be tired/worn out with～讓工作給累壞了; W～done by hand has been taken over by machines. 手工的勞動已被機器所取代。achieved sth by hard～靠辛勤勞動獲得某物; It takes a lot of～to make a cabinet/to build a house. 做一個柜子/建一座房子需要花費許多的勞動。〖同〗labour;〖反〗play，ease，leisure;
?(2)(職業(yè)性)工作(employment or job)[U]：desk/daily/unpaid/voluntary/administrative～案頭/日常/無報酬/義務(wù)/行政工作; academic/charity/farm～學業(yè)/慈善事業(yè)/農(nóng)活; go in for film/research～從事電影事業(yè)/研究工作;part-time～兼職; do free-lance/repair/kitchen～做自由作家/修理工作/炊事工作; enjoy/like/quit one's～喜歡/喜歡/辭去自己的工作; look for/find～找工作; choose one's～for life 選擇終身職業(yè); make retailing one's～把零售當成自己的職業(yè); want～謀職; What's your～?(What～do you do?) 你是干什么工作的? My～is in medicine/as a doctor. 我的職業(yè)是個醫(yī)生?！玡xperience/clothes 工作經(jīng)歷/服;a～permit 工作許可證;〖同〗employment，job，occupation，profession;〖反〗unemployment，vacation，leave，retirement;
?(3)工作地點(單位)(place of one's employment)[U](不用the)： be late for～上班晚了; go to/leave for/arrive at/get to～去上班; stop/leave～下班; What time do you get home from～? 你什么時候下班回到家? His colleagues from～made him a visit. 他的同事下班后來拜訪他。
?(4)要(所)做的事(sth(to be)done) [U]： bring the～to a close 結(jié)束這件工作;do a good day's～整整干了一天的活兒;do a good job of～事情干得很漂亮; make good～of/with sth 出色地完成某事; have some～for sb to do 有些事要某人去做; It is hard～doing sth. 做某事是艱難的。It is not easy～to do sth. 做某事不容易。Can you do the～alone? 這活兒你獨自能干嗎?Cleaning out the attic is your～for this weekend. 清理頂樓是你這個周末的活兒。There is plenty of～to be done. 有許多事要做。The damage/broken window/savage murder must be the～of a madman. 破壞/打破的窗戶/殘忍的謀殺一定是個瘋子干的。The small boys were very delighted with their～—breaking the window. 小男孩們對自己做的事——打破了窗戶感到十分快樂?！纪絡(luò)ob，task，employment，assignment;〖反〗entertainment，fun，rest，relaxation;
?(5)(干活用的)材料(工具) (material or tool used for this)[U]： take some～home to do in the evening把一些材料帶回家晚上干; Don't stay inside to do your sewing;bring/take your～out with you/on the porch. 別總是在屋里做你的針線活，把針線活帶到外邊/門廊來做。The student's～is spread all over the table. 那學生的學習用具攤了一桌子?！纪絤aterial，tool;
?(6)作品，制成品(sth written，made or produced)[U]： sb's latest/best-known～某人最近/最著名的作品;an excellent piece of～一件佳作;an exhibition of the～of young sculptors/painters 年輕雕刻家/畫家的作品展;metal/silver～金屬/銀制品;collect the～of students 收集學生的作業(yè);crib sb's～剽竊某人的作品;This mat/painting is my own～. 這個墊子是我自己做的/這幅畫是我自己畫的。The craftsmen sell their～. 手藝人出售他們的工藝品?！纪絚reation，handiwork;
?(7)文學(藝)著作，作品(literal or artistic written form)[C]： a hand-written～手抄本; the collected/complete～s of Shakespeare 莎士比亞選集/全集; a new～on the literary criticism/by the composer 論述文學評論的新書/作曲家的新作; the～s of Beethoven/the best painters 貝多芬/最佳畫家的作品;copy～s of art 藝術(shù)復制品;reprint Lu Xun's～s 再版魯迅的著作; Shakespeare's～s include plays and poems.莎翁的著作包括劇本和詩歌。Is that painting an early～by Degas? 那幅畫是德加的早期作品嗎?〖同〗creation，composition;
?(8)機械的活動部件(moving parts of a machine)[pl，the～]： the～s of the watch/the clock 手表/鐘的機件; oil the～s 給機件加油;疏通 (fig); What's wrong/the matter with the～s? 機械部件出現(xiàn)什么故障了? The～s need to be repaired. 這些部件需要修理?！纪?contents，insides，device;
?(9)工廠(factory) [pl][接sing/pl動詞](尤用于構(gòu)成合成詞)： a brick/cement/glass～s 磚/水泥/玻璃廠; the engineering～s 機器制造廠; shut down a～s 關(guān)閉工廠; There was a big fire at this～s. 這家工廠著過一次大火。The steel～s is/are closed down. 這家鋼廠倒閉了?！纪絧lant，factory，mill，workshop;
?(10)工程(engineering)[pl](尤用于構(gòu)成合成詞)： the Ministry of W～s (BrE) 建筑工程部;road-～s 道路施工; public/earth/foundation～s 市政/土方/基礎(chǔ)工程;
?(11)全部(whole of a set or everything)[pl](infml)：He had the～s from appetiser to dessert. 他要了各種食品，從開胃品到最后的甜點。
?at work 1)在工作： die at one's～因公殉職;Don't phone me at～. 我工作時別給我打電話。2)在起作用： New ideas are at～upon the whole nation. 新的思想影響著整個民族。
?at work (up)on 1)從事于： He is at～on a dictionary/a revised edition of his novel. 他正在編詞典/修訂自己的小說。2)忙于：The scientists were still at～upon the research work. 科學家們?nèi)栽诿τ谘芯抗ぷ鳌?br>?do its work 發(fā)生作用： The medicine began to do its～.藥開始產(chǎn)生作用。
?get (down)/set/fall/go to work (on sth/to do sth) 著手干： Get/Set to～on your homework. 趕快做你的作業(yè)。The mother got (down) to～to tidy the bed after getting up. 起床后，媽媽就著手整理床。
?give sb/sth the works 1)把一切告知某人(infml)： I know what's going on. They have given me the～s. 我知道發(fā)生了什么事。他們把一切都告訴我了。2)(全面周到地)處理某事：We have to give the old house the～s.我們得把這老房子徹底收拾收拾。3)折磨(某人)： The poor child was given the～s every day by his step-mother.那個可憐的孩子每天都受到繼母的虐待。
?go/set about one's work 做/著手做(自己的工作)：The boss goes/sets about his～very early. 老板很早就開始工作。
?good works 善事： A man should do good～s instead of evils. 人應(yīng)做善事而不做惡事。
?have one's work cut out 有艱巨的事要做(infml)： The teacher has his～cut out controlling such naughty boys in class. 老師感到很難管住班上這些淘氣的男學生。
?in/out of work 1)有工作/失業(yè)： His father is still in/out of～. 他的父親仍在工作/失業(yè)了。2)進行中/出故障： The film factory has two films in～. 制片廠正在攝制兩部電影。The car is out of～. 汽車出毛病了。
?make hard work of 使……更加困難，夸張做某事的困難：You have made hard～of that. 你夸大了那項工作的困難。
?make short/quick work of 1)迅速完成(處理，解決)(infml)：This liquid can make short/quick～of cleaning dishes. 這種洗滌劑能使清洗盤碟的工作迅速完成。
?put/set sb to work 使某人開始做某事：The boss put/set us to～at eight. 老板讓我們8點開始干活兒。
?the work of time/a moment 費時/容易的工作： It is the～of time to find what's wrong with the car. 找出汽車的毛病很費時間。It was the～of a moment to throw it away. 把它扔了太容易了。
?→′bodywork n 車身;′brushwork n 繪畫;′donkeywork n 苦差事;′framework n 框架;′ironwork n 鐵器;′life-work n 終身工作;′latticework n 格子加工;′metalwork n 金屬制品;′needlework n 針線活;′network n 網(wǎng)狀組織;′paintwork n 油漆活;′tileworks n 瓦廠;′wickerwork n 柳條制品;′woodwork n 木制品;′waterworks n水廠，水利工程;′work-basket n 針線筐;′work-bench n 工作臺;′workbook n(教科書的)練習冊;′workday n 工作日;′work-force n 勞動力;′work-horse n 勤奮的人;′workhouse n (BrE)濟貧院;′work-load n 工作量(負擔);′workman n 男工人;′workmanship n 手藝;工作質(zhì)量;′workpeople n 工人們;′workpiece n 工作部件，工件;′work-room n 工作室;′worksheet n 工作單;′workshop n 車間，工廠;′work-shy adj 懶惰的;′work-table n 工作臺;
?v(1)工作，干活(be involved in physical or mental work)[I，I+prep (at/on/for/under)，I+adv(away)+prep(at/on)，I+adv(away)]：～hard 努力工作;～in order to live 為生計而工作; We～five days a week/8 hours a day. 我們每周工作五天/每天工作八小時?！玠ouble tides/day and night 晝夜工作; The boy～s part-time at the grocery. 這個男孩在雜貨店做兼職工作?！玜t one's French/a problem 學習法語/處理問題;～at the weak points in one's English 克服英語學習中的弱點;～on a book/a new novel/a new play 寫一部書/新小說/新劇本;～on the documents 起草文件;～on inventing new methods of reaching the outer space 鉆研飛往外層空間的新方法;～for a living/the government/a foreign company 謀生/為政府做事/為一家外國公司工作;～under sb 在某人手下工作;～in a factory/in the garden 在一家工廠/在花園里工作;～as a bus driver 當公共汽車司機;The man～s in leather.這個人是皮匠。～in three shifts干三班倒的工作;～away without a rest 一直不停地工作;～away at one's homework/one's essay 不停地做作業(yè)/寫論文;～away at learning a language 一直努力學習一種語言;〖同〗labour，toil，perform，drudge;〖反〗play，entertain，relax;
?(2)竭力做(干)……(make efforts to do sth)[I+prep(against/for)，I+to-inf]：～against reform/a cause 竭力反對改革/干一項事業(yè);～against time 爭分奪秒地工作;～for peace/the good of the people 為了和平/人民的利益而努力工作; The two families are～ing to make this match. 兩家正在努力促成這樁婚事?！玹o save sb's life/to defend sb/to defeat the opponent 竭力挽救某人的生命/為某人辯護/擊敗對手;〖同〗manage;
?(3)運轉(zhuǎn);發(fā)生作用((of a machine， device， etc) operate or function;have effect or result)[I，I+prep(on)]：This lift/bell/switch doesn't～. 這電梯停運了/電鈴不響了/開關(guān)壞了。This washing powder～s well. 這種洗衣粉很好使。How does this machine/the clock～? 這臺機器/鐘表如何運轉(zhuǎn)? Your suggestion/plan/idea seemed to～.看起來你的建議/計劃/想法似乎行之有效。It～s like a charm. 這十分奏效。This medicine/drug does not～on this disease. 此藥對這種疾病不起作用。His sufferings～ed upon our feelings. 他的痛苦感染了我們?！玱n sb to do sth 說服某人做某事;〖同〗function，perform，succeed;
?(4)產(chǎn)生，造成(produce or function)[T+n]：～the jigsaw puzzle 完成拼圖;～a cure/a change 治愈/引起變化;～wonders/miracles創(chuàng)造奇跡;～harm/mischief/havoc 造成損害/傷害/破壞; Time～ed many changes. 時間帶來了許多變化。The plan～ed harm/losses. 這一計劃造成了損害/損失。The storm～ed great ruin. 暴風雨造成極大的破壞。
?(5)使……工作(cause sb or sth to work)[T+n，T+n+prep]：～sb long hours 使某人長時間工作;～a lathe/a machine 開車床/機器; W～ing these heavy presses is very tiring. 操作那些沉重的壓縮機太累人了。How do you～the gears on this bike? 你怎么能使自行車的齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動起來? This machine/doorbell is～ed by electricity. 這臺機器/這個門鈴是電動的。a pump～ed by hand 手工操作的泵; Puppets are～ed by strings. 提線木偶是由線繩牽動的。Switches are～ed from the central tower. 開關(guān)是由中央控制塔控制的。～sb hard/sb to death 使某人努力工作/工作致死;
?(6)管理，經(jīng)營(manage or operate)[T+n]：The government is～ing the coal/gold mines. 政府經(jīng)營著煤/金礦。The salesman～ed both sides of the street/the Southern Area. 這個推銷員在大街的兩側(cè)都有生意/在南部地區(qū)做生意?！玜 large farm/an oil well 經(jīng)營一家大農(nóng)場/管理一口油井; The policeman～ed the northern side of the town. 這個警察管理著該城鎮(zhèn)的北部地區(qū)。〖同〗manage，control;
?(7)制作(make or produce sth)[T+n，T+n+prep (into/on)]：～gold/iron/silver 打制金/鐵/銀器;～clay/a sample 捏黏土/制作一個樣品; a baby's dress～ed by hand 手工制作的嬰兒服;～flint into tools/dough into a ball/a silver spoon into a bracelet 把燧石打制成工具/把面揉成團/把一只銀勺打制成一只手鐲;～a pattern/a design on linen在亞麻布上繡圖案/花樣;～one's name on a piece of cloth/on a handkerchief 把自己的名字繡在布上/手絹兒上;〖同〗produce，shape，form，mould，make;
?(8)發(fā)酵(ferment)[I]： The yeast began to～. 酵母開始發(fā)酵。Yeast makes beer～. 酵母使啤酒發(fā)酵。
?(9)抽動，扭曲((of sb's features)express feeling by violent movement)[I]： The child was very disappointed and his mouth/his lips～ed. 這個孩子十分失望，他的嘴/嘴唇抽動起來。Her jaws/Her face～ed when she was very angry. 她非常氣憤時，她的兩顎/臉抽動起來。His features～ed with anger. 他氣得五官都扭曲了。〖同〗change，tremble，shake;
?(10)(逐漸或竭力地)使……改變位置(方向)(cause to go into or change the position or direction gradually or with an effort)[I+prep，I+adv，T+n+prep，T+n+adv]：The ship～ed to windward. 船改為逆風行駛。The melt snow～ed (in) through the roof. 融化的雪水漸漸地透過屋頂滲進來。The wind has～ed round to south. 風已漸漸轉(zhuǎn)向南?！玹he manure into the soil/the peg into the ground 使肥料滲入土壤中/把橛子插入地下;～some funny stories into one's lecture/one's war experiences into the talk 講演時說幾個笑話/在談話中談到自己的戰(zhàn)爭經(jīng)歷;His shirt～ed out of his trousers/up his back. 他的襯衫跑到褲子外面/在身背后抻上去了?！玦n a few jokes/in the key 插進一些笑話/把鑰匙插進去;～round to a new point of view 漸漸地相信了一個新的觀點;～sb to one's will 說服某人服從自己的意志;〖同〗put，stick，change;〖反〗pull，remain，stay;
?(11)變松，脫落(become separated or loose)[L+adj，C+n+adj]：The window catch/The knot/My hair～ed loose. 窗栓/繩結(jié)/我的頭發(fā)松開了。The screw～ed itself loose. 螺絲松了?！玹he stone clear under the gate 把大門底下的石頭移開; The prisoner～ed himself free. 囚犯掙脫了束縛?！纪絣ose，separate;〖反〗tighten，close;
?work against (v prep) 阻礙(vt)：The lack of investment has～ed against any rise in productivity. 缺乏投資阻礙了生產(chǎn)力的提高。
?work among (v prep) 在……中間做福利工作(vt)： His early life was spent～ing among the poor in his home town/the lepers. 他早年曾從事家鄉(xiāng)的扶貧/麻風病人的工作。
?work around/round to (v adv prep) 1)逐漸接近(vt)： Don't hurry me. I shall～around to finishing the article in good time. 別催我，我會及時寫完這篇文章的。2)轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角(vt)：What is she～ing round to? 她繞了半天圈子究竟說的什么?
?work away (v adv) 1)不停地工作(vi)：Is Tom still～ing away on that new novel? 湯姆仍在不倦地寫那本新小說嗎? 2)顫抖(vi)： His mouth was～ing away all the time he was speaking. 他講話時嘴一直在顫動。
?work in with (v adv prep) 1)配合(vt)(infml)： A difficult task can be made easier if people will～in with one another. 如果大家互相配合，困難的工作也會變得容易。2)協(xié)調(diào)(vt) (infml)： My plan does not～in with his. 我的計劃與他的不合拍。
?work it/that 設(shè)法辦成某事 (infml)： Can you～it/things so that we get home early this evening? 你能設(shè)法讓我們今晚早回家嗎?
?work off (v adv) 1)松脫(v)：The handle has～ed off. 門把松脫了。Can you～the lid off? It seems to be stuck. 你能掀開這個蓋子嗎? 它好像卡住了。2)發(fā)泄(vt)：Don't～your disappointment/your bad temper/your anger off on me. 別把你的失望/壞脾氣/憤怒發(fā)泄在我身上。3)消除(vi)：The pain～ed off when I started walking. 我開始走路時，疼痛消失了。4)還清(vt)：It took two years to～off this bank loan. 用了兩年的時間才還清了銀行這筆貸款。5)完成(vt)： I hope to～off most of the urgent letters/the documents by tomorrow. 我期望到明天把大部分緊急信件/文件處理完。6)售出(vt)： The bookstore～s off about 300 copies of books every day. 這家書店每天售出約300冊書。
?work one's head off (v adv) 努力工作(vt)(infml)： She's been～ing her head off to get this book finished. 她一直在拼命地工作，爭取早點把這本書寫完。
?work one's way 費勁到達： He～ed his way to the front of the crowd/to the top in the firm. 他費力地擠到人群的前面/艱難地升到公司的領(lǐng)導地位。
?work out (v adv) 1)慢慢出來(vi)： This piece of dust in your eye will～out by itself. 你眼中的灰塵會自己出來的。2)擬定(vt)：～out a better method/the detail of the plan 想出更好的辦法/擬定出計劃的細節(jié); 3)算出，得出(vt)：～out this problem/this coded message/how much it costs 解出這道數(shù)學題/破譯這個密碼/算出要花多少錢; 4)理(了)解(vt)：～out the meaning of this poem/why sb lied 理解這首詩的意思/了解某人為什么說謊; 5)結(jié)果(局)(vi)：Things/This book～ed out quite well. 事情的結(jié)局很好/這本書賣得很好。6)鍛練(vi)：She～s out in the gym every morning. 每天早上她在體育館鍛煉。7)以工抵債(vt) (AmE)： He offered to～out the debt. 他主動提出以工抵債。8)耗盡(vt)：This old silver/This coal mine was～ed out long time ago.這座老銀礦/煤礦很早以前就挖盡了。
?work out at/to (v adv prep) 總計為(vt)： Our hotel bill/His take-home pay/The cost～ed out at $1500 a month. 我們的旅館賬單/他拿回家的工資/這筆花銷總計為每月1500美元。
?work over (v adv) 1)重做(vt)：～over the manuscript/the report/the sum 重寫手稿/重寫報告/重算這個總數(shù); 2)痛打(vt)：A couple of the boys～ed him over in a dark alleyway. 一幫男孩在漆黑的胡同里毒打了他一頓。
?work to (v prep) 按……辦事(vt)：～to a plan/tight deadlines 按計劃/嚴格按規(guī)定的時間辦;Be careful with the money and～to a budget. 花錢需小心，要按預(yù)算辦事。
?work towards (v prep)為……努力(vt)：We're～ing towards a common object/towards having all countries sign a peace agreement. 我們正在為一個共同目標而努力/努力促成所有的國家簽署一項和平協(xié)議。
?work up (v adv) 1)發(fā)展(vt)： They have～ed up the business from nothing. 他們白手起家創(chuàng)建了這家商號?！玼p a reputation 樹立威望; 2)喚(激)起(vt)：～up some interest in this book/enthusiasm for sb's studies 喚起對這本書的興趣/某人的學習熱情; 3)興奮(vt)(常作 pred)： Don't get all～ed up over nothing. 不要空歡喜一場。4)積累(vt)： It takes experience to～up the knowledge of sailing. 積累航海知識需要經(jīng)驗。5)激發(fā)……感情： Please don't～yourself up about the trivial things. 請不要為小事大動感情?！玸b up into a rage/a fury 使某人大怒;
?work sth up into sth 1)激起……情緒(vt)：～the feelings of the audience up to a fever of excitement 激發(fā)起觀眾狂熱的情緒; 2)改寫(vt)：～up the data/the materials into an article 把資料/素材改寫成一篇文章;
?work (sb/sth) up to 漸漸發(fā)展到(頂點)(vi)：The music～ed up to a rousing finale. 該樂曲達到激動人心的高潮時結(jié)束。Things～ed up to a climax. 事態(tài)漸漸發(fā)展到高潮。
?→′workable adj 可操作的，可行的，可運轉(zhuǎn)的;′worked adj 修飾過的;′working n礦坑，采石場;′workings[pl]活動方式，運轉(zhuǎn)方式，作用;′work-out n 高強度體育鍛煉;?work-to-′rule n 照章辦事式的怠工;′worker n工人;
?【辨異】work與labour的區(qū)別見LABOUR。