break/bre?k/ v ［broke /br? ?k, AmE bro?k/, broken /′br? ?k?n, AmE ′bro?-/］； n
v (1) (使)破(碎，裂)，折斷 ((cause to) separate into two or more parts suddenly or violently by force or strain (but not by cutting or tearing))[I， I+prep(in/into)， T+n， T+n+prep(in/into)]：The cup/glass broke. 杯子/玻璃杯碎了。The bag/chain broke. 包破了/鏈子斷了。A heated balloon will～. 加熱的氣球會爆。The cup/vase/mirror broke into two (pieces). 杯子/花瓶/鏡子碎成兩半(碎片)?！玜 cup/a vase/a window打碎一個杯子/花瓶/窗戶;～a balloon弄破一個氣球;～a rope/a thread弄斷一根繩子/線;～a leg/an arm摔斷腿/手臂;～a cup/a plate/a bar of chocolate into two(pieces)把一個杯子/一個碟子/一板巧克力打(掰)成兩半(碎片);〖同〗 burst，crack; 〖反〗 repair，mend，fix;
?(2) (弄)壞((cause to) become unusable by being damaged)[I， T+n]：～one's watch by winding it too much/a computer by dropping it上弦過緊把表弄壞了/把計算機掉地上摔壞了;The watch/machine/TV set is broken and must be repaired.表/機器/電視機壞了，必須修理?！纪絩uin;
?(3) 弄破……的表面(open the surface of)[T+n]：～the skin/the soil弄破了皮膚/破土;
?(4)不遵守;違背(反)，破壞(go against; fail to observe (a law， promise， etc)) [T+n]：～the law/the rules/the regulations/the speed limit 犯法/違反規(guī)章/違反條例/超速;～a law/an agreement/a contract違反法規(guī)/協(xié)議/合同;～an appointment/a date/an engagement取消約會/約會/約會;～one's promise/one's word食言;〖同〗disobey;〖反〗obey，observe;
?(5) (使)中斷(止)(interrupt(an activity)? stop for a short time)[I， I+adv (off)， T+n]：Let's～for tea/a meal.咱們停一下喝杯茶/吃飯吧?！玱ne's fall/one's sleep 擋住了跌落/打斷了睡眠;～one's journey(to...) at a place(去……的)旅途中在某處停下來;～sb's concentration打斷某人的注意;～(one's opponent's) service贏得(對方)發(fā)球的一局;〖同〗interrupt，stop;
?(6) (使)結(jié)束((cause to) come to an end)[I， T+n]：The cold weather/frost/heatwave/storm broke at last.寒冷的天氣/嚴寒/熱浪/暴風(fēng)雨終于結(jié)束了。His fever broke.他的燒退了?！玹he silence (stillness) with a cry/by coughing叫聲/咳嗽聲打破了寂靜;～a blockade/a siege/a strike打破封鎖/沖破包圍/阻止罷工;～the ice 打破僵局(開始交談);
?(7) 消散(show an opening;disperse)[I]：The clouds (mist) broke.云(霧)散開了。
?(8) (突然)出現(xiàn)(發(fā)生，傳開)(come into being or notice esp suddenly)[I]： Dawn/Day/Daylight was～ing.天將破曉。The storm broke.暴風(fēng)雨突然來臨。A smile broke upon his lips.他嘴上露出了笑容。The news/A scandal broke.消息傳開了/丑聞爆發(fā)了。
?(9) 告知，透露(make known (esp sth bad))[T+n+prep (to)]：～the bad news/the shock to sb向某人透露壞消息/令人震驚的事;〖同〗disclose，tell，inform;〖反〗conceal，hide;
?(10)(使)衰退，(使)垮掉((cause to) weaken or be destroyed)[T+n，I]：～sb's morale/sb's resistance/sb's resolve/sb's spirit/sb's power使某人的士氣/反抗/決心/精神/勢力垮下去;～the enemy摧毀敵人;After several hours the police broke the man and he confessed.幾個小時后警察攻下了那個人，他招認了。The scandal/Her death/Paying for the house/The medical bills/The expense just broke him.那丑聞/她的死/付房款/醫(yī)藥費賬單/那費用差點使他垮掉。He broke under the strain of all the worry.他因憂愁過度而心力交瘁。His spirit (health) broke.他的精神(身體)垮了。The suspect broke under questioning.那嫌疑犯招認了?！纪絯eaken，destroy，ruin;
?(11)變聲(調(diào))((of voice)change its tone because of deep feelings， or fall in pitch)[I]：His voice broke with strong feeling/as he tried to tell others the terrible news/when he was twelve.他由于感情激動/在給別人講那可怕的消息時/12歲時嗓音變了。
?(12)超越(過)，打破(do better than or outdo(a record))[T+n]：～a record in sports打破一項運動記錄;～the Commonwealth/World/Olympic 100 metres record打破英聯(lián)邦國家/世界/奧林匹克百米跑記錄;〖同〗exceed，beat;
?(13)破密(discover the secret of)[T+n]：～a code/a case 破譯密碼/破案子;
?(14)(使)成為 ((cause to) become， suddenly or violently) [L+adj， C+n+adj]：The prisoner broke free.犯人逃跑了。The horse broke loose.馬逃脫了。The box broke open.箱子裂開了?！玹he door open 把門撞開;
?break away (from)(v adv) 1) 突然逃脫(跑) (vi)：The criminal broke away from his guards.罪犯從看守人員手中逃脫了。2) 脫離關(guān)系 (vi)：～away from a party/a group/one's friends/one's family與一個黨/一群人/朋友/家庭脫離關(guān)系;
?break down (v adv) 1)分(瓦)解(vi & vt)：After many years， rock～down into dirt.經(jīng)過許多年，巖石分解成塵埃。Food/Sugar/Starch is broken down in the stomach.食物/糖/淀粉在胃中被分解。2) (車輛、機器)壞了(vi)：The engine (machinery/car) broke down.發(fā)動機(機器/汽車)不運轉(zhuǎn)了。3) (身體)垮;(感情)崩潰 (vi)：His health/He broke down.他的身體/他垮了。4) 失敗，破裂 (vi)：The plans/negotiations/peace talks broke down.計劃失敗了/談判破裂了/和談破裂了。5)克(征)服，摧毀 (vt)：～down opposition/resistance擊敗反抗/抵抗;～down sb's shyness/sb's reserve使某人克服羞怯/孤僻;6) 分(解)為 (vt & vi)：～the figures down into a few lists把數(shù)據(jù)分為幾組;
?break in (v adv) 1)強行進入，闖入(vi)：A thief (burglar) broke in while we were away.我們不在家時，一個小偷(竊賊)破門而入。2) 打斷，插嘴 (vi)：Don't keep～ing in with your remark/to say anything/on our conversation.不要老插嘴發(fā)表意見/說話/打斷我們的談話。3) 使馴服(習(xí)慣)(vt)：～in a horse/a recruit/a new car馴服一匹馬/訓(xùn)練新兵/熟悉一輛新車;
?break into(v prep) 1) 闖入(vt)：A thief broke into our house.一個小偷破門進入我們家。2) 突然開始：(crowd/people/audience)～into cheers/applause/roars of laughter (人群/人們/觀眾)突然歡呼/喝彩/哈哈大笑起來;
?break off (v adv)中止(斷)(vi & vt)：～off relations/work/negotiations/speaking/a talk 中斷關(guān)系/工作/談判/講話/談話;The fight broke off.戰(zhàn)斗中斷。
?break out (v adv) 1)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)(vi)：A war (rebellion/crisis/strike/quarrel/plague/fire) broke out.戰(zhàn)爭(叛亂/危機/罷工/爭吵/瘟疫/火災(zāi))爆發(fā)了。2) 逃走(vi)：(prisoner)～out of prison/the jail (囚犯)從獄中逃出;
?break through (v prep/adv)突破(vt & vi)： They broke through the lines of the police/the police cordon/enemy's defences.他們沖破了警察的防線/警察的警戒線/敵人的防御工事。The army broke through at the border.軍隊突破邊境。
?break up (v adv) 1) (使)破碎(vi & vt)：The ship broke up on the rocks.船在礁石上撞破了。～up a ship for scrap metal把船拆成廢鐵; 2) (使)結(jié)束 (vi & vt)：The party (meeting/marriage) broke up.聚會(會議/婚姻)結(jié)束了?！玼p a party/a fight/the partnership結(jié)束聚會/戰(zhàn)斗/合作關(guān)系; 3) (學(xué)校，學(xué)生)放假 (vi)：The school/children will soon～up.學(xué)校/孩子們很快要放假了。
?→′breakable adj 易破碎的;′breakables n 易碎物品;′breakage n 破碎;破碎物品;′breaker n 破壞……的人(物);′breakaway n 脫離;′break-dancing n 霹靂舞;′breakdown n 故障; 崩潰;垮;′break-in n 闖入;′break-out n (用武力的)越獄;′break-through n 突破;突破性發(fā)現(xiàn); ′break-up n 破裂;′breakneck adj 快得極危險的;′breakwater n 防波堤;′broken adj;
?n (1) 1) (工間，課間)休息，間歇(time for rest; period of time between activities)[C]：a～in the concert/between classes音樂會中間/課間休息;a coffee/tea～喝咖啡/茶的小憩;morning/lunch-～上午的課間休息/午休;take/have a～for lunch休息吃午飯;do sth without a～不間斷地做某事; a～in a conversation談話的間歇;〖同〗interval，pause，rest;2) 短期假日 (short holiday) [C]：The travel company is offering cheep winter～s.旅行社正舉辦廉價的冬季短期假日活動。a weekend～in the country周末的鄉(xiāng)間休息;
?(2) 中止(斷)(change or interruption of regularity or continuity)[C][N(in/with)]：a～in a child's education/the weather/diplomatic relations小孩學(xué)業(yè)的中斷/天氣的驟變/外交關(guān)系的中斷; There was a～in the discussion/the fine weather.討論/好天氣中斷。a～in an electrical circuit電流的中斷;a～with tradition/the past/one's boyfriend/one's family與傳統(tǒng)/過去/男朋友/家庭的決裂;
?(3) 破裂(口)，縫隙(place where sth is divided or separated into two parts， usu as a result of force; gap; space)[C]：a～in a fence/a wall/a pipe籬笆/墻/管子上的裂縫;a～in the clouds/the traffic云間的縫隙/交通中斷; have two～s in the bones of one's arm臂骨斷了兩處;〖同〗opening，gap，hole;〖反〗blockage;
?(4) 機會，(好)運氣(chance， opportunity or piece of (esp good) luck)[C](infml)：a big/lucky/bad～好運/好運/壞運氣;have a good year with several big/lucky～s一年中交了幾次好運;Give/Get him a～.給他個機會。This is your big～.這是你的好運氣?！纪給pportunity，fortune，chance;
?(5) 破曉(time of day before sunrise when daylight first appears)[U]：at～of day (=at daybreak) 破曉時分;
?make a break (for)企圖逃跑;He made a～for cover/the gates.他朝隱蔽處/大門逃去。
?【辨異】 1)動詞break與crush都可指用力把某物弄碎。break是最常用詞，指通過打擊、碰撞等把物體變成碎片，如：break a vase (打碎一個花瓶);crush (壓碎)指用猛烈的壓力把物體弄成碎塊，如：crush the cottonseeds(壓碎棉花籽);還有shatter和smash也含義相近。shatter((使)粉碎)指打破物體，并使碎片四處飛散開來，如：A stone shattered the window.(一塊石頭打碎了窗戶玻璃。)smash((使)打碎)指突然把物體打成碎片，并發(fā)出很大聲音，如：A dish smashed on the floor. (一個碟子掉地上摔碎了。) 2)名詞 break 與 interval和pause都表示行為中間的停頓。break 特指工作中間或課間的休息，如：ten minutes' break(十分鐘的休息); interval指戲劇中間的休息時間，如：have a quick drink in the interval(在幕間休息時匆匆喝口飲料);pause指講話過程中短暫停頓，如：a pause of breath (喘口氣)。