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n (1) 借口，理由，托辭 ((true or not true)reason used to explain one's actions，behavior; explanation) [C] [N(for)]： a written～書面申訴;make/invent/find an～for doing sth 為做某事而編造/捏造/尋找借口; That is (would be) a good/poor～. 那是(會成為)一個好的/糟糕的借口。have(no)～(s) to offer/for sth (for doing sth)提(不)出(做)某事的理由; Ignorance of the law is no～. 不懂法并不能成為借口。Being too busy is no～for not studying. 太忙并不能成為不學習的借口。I've heard a thousand～s for your being late. 關(guān)于你遲到的借口我聽得太多了。Have you any good～s to give? 你能不能提出什么好的理由來? His～for being late was that there was a traffic jam. 他為自己遲到找的借口是發(fā)生了交通堵塞。without～毫無理由; 〖同〗 justification，defense，argument; 〖反〗accusation，charge;

(2) 原諒，饒恕 (sth that serves to excuse) [C] [N(for)]：an～for some fault 原諒某種缺點; There is no～for such behavior. 這種行為不能饒恕。

make one's excuses to sb 向某人提出借口; 代某人向 …… 表示歉意：The guest made his～and left the party. 客人找了個借口離開了聚會。Please make my～to Mr Jones and tell him I'll meet him tomorrow. 請代我向瓊斯先生致歉并告訴他我將在明天與他見面。

in excuse of作為 …… 的辯解：You should not plead ignorance in～of your mistakes. 你不應(yīng)該用無知來為自己的錯誤辯解。

vt (1) 原諒，寬恕 (forgive or pardon) [T+n，T+n+prep (for)，T+ing]：I will～you this time. 這一次我將原諒你。Please～my carelessness/my late arrival/my interrupting you. 請原諒我的粗心/我來晚了/我的打擾。The teacher～d the student for being/for arriving late. 那個學生遲到了/來晚了，但老師原諒了他。Please/I beg you to～me for what I did yesterday. 請你/我求你原諒我昨天所做的事情?！纪?forgive，pardon; 〖反〗 blame，criticize，punish，charge，accuse，condemn;

(2) 使 …… 可以原諒; 為 …… 辯解(be a reason or explanation for; clear of blame) [T+n，T+n+prep(for)]： Nothing can～such rudeness/such irresponsible behavior. 說什么也不能原諒這種無禮/這種不負責任的行為。Sickness～d his absence from the meeting. 生病使他沒能參加會議。His own unhappy childhood does not～the way he treats his wife and children. 他本人不幸的童年并不能成為他如此對待其妻子兒女的理由。He～d his absence by saying that he was ill. 他推說自己病了來為缺席辯解。Don't～his rudeness by saying he was in a hurry. 不要推說他有急事來為他的無禮辯解。〖同〗 justify，explain，defend，pardon; 〖反〗 blame，criticize，punish，charge，accuse，condemn;

(3) 免除 (free or release from a duty，activity，obligation，etc) [T+n，T+n+prep(from)，D+n+n] (尤pass)：be～d (from) school/writing an essay 允許不去上學/不寫文章;May I be～d from my homework today? 我今天能不能不寫作業(yè)?〖同〗release，free，spare;〖反〗compel，oblige;

excuse me 對不起：E～me，may I take this chair? 對不起，我能坐這把椅子嗎?

excuse oneself 請求離開：He～d himself and left the room/～d himself from coming to the party. 他道了聲歉就離開了房間/請求不去參加那個聚會。

→ex′cusatory adj 辯解的;申訴的;ex′cusable adj 可以原諒的;ex′cusably adv 可原諒地;

【用法】當打擾別人或想引起注意時，一般要說“Excuse me”，如：Excuse me，does this bus go the railway station? (勞駕問一下，這是開往火車站的公交車嗎?) 而當需要為某事道歉時，則一般要說 “Sorry” 或 “Pardon me”，如：Sorry，did I bump you? (對不起，我撞著您了吧?) 在美國英語中，“Excuse me” 及 “Pardon me” 都可表示道歉。另外，當要求別人重復(fù)時可以說 “Pardon?” 英國英語中還可以說 “Sorry?”表達同樣的意思; 美國英語則用 “Pardon me?” 。

【辨異】 1) excuse與apology的區(qū)別見APOLOGY。 2)excuse與 forgive和pardon都表示原諒或?qū)捤　?span id="ea6je1vsns" class="Engdef">excuse指原諒較輕微或非故意的過失，如：excuse one's bad handwriting (原諒某人糟糕的書寫);forgive 指原諒更嚴重的過錯，尤指從主觀上不予計較，如：We forgave him his sins. (我們寬恕了他的罪行。) pardon則表示對某人應(yīng)受的懲罰進行赦免，如：The governor pardoned the criminal. (總督赦免了那個罪犯。)