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n (1)犁 (kind of large tool usu pulled by a tractor， horses， etc， used on a farm to turn and break up the soil) [C]： The farmer's tractor pulls a～through the soil to turn it over.農(nóng)民的拖拉機拉著犁翻地。under the～(指土地)用于耕種(而不用于放牧);

(2)類似犁的工具或機械(any tool or machine that works like this) [C](尤用于合成詞)： a snow-～(清除積雪的)雪犁;

(3)北斗七星 (group of seven bright stars， visible only from the northern part of the world) [C， the P～] (AmE Big Dipper)?

(4)犁過的地，耕地(land that has been turned over with a plough) [U]： 200 acres of～ 200英畝犁過的地;

v (1)用犁翻耕(turn over (the earth) with a plough) [T+n， T+n+adv(up)]：～a field 犁地;All the fields are now～ed up， ready for the seeds. 所有的地都已翻好，可以播種了。

(2)(使)考試不及格 ((cause sb to) fail (an examination)) [I， T+n](BrE)(sl)：～one's finals 期終考試不及格;The examiners～ed more than one third of the candidates. 考官們讓三分之一以上的投考者不及格。

plough a lonely furrow 孤獨無援地工作： The few people who opposed the war were～ing a lonely furrow. 反對戰(zhàn)爭的少數(shù)幾個人孤獨地工作，無人支持。

plough back (v adv) 1)將秸稈或草等犁到地里化為肥料 (vt)： The farmer～ed the vegetable leaves lying on the field back to enrich the soil. 農(nóng)民將地上的菜葉子犁到地里去肥田。2)將(利潤)再投資(vt) (fig)：～back all the profits into increasing trade 將全部利潤再投資發(fā)展貿(mào)易;

plough into (v prep) 撞上(vt)： The car turned over twice， left the road， and～ed into a fence. 汽車翻了兩個個兒，離開了路面，撞在圍欄上。

plough (one's way) through 1)費力通(穿)過：～(one's way) through the deep snow 費力地走過深深的積雪;2)緩慢吃力地做某事：～through legal text books/a pile of documents/mountains of work 很費力地讀法律書籍/看一堆文件/做堆積如山的工作;

→′ploughman， AmE ′plowman n 扶犁的人，農(nóng)夫;′ploughshare， AmE ′plowshare (亦作 share) n 犁鏵(頭)