| 釋義 |
humourn. People of Shakespeare’s time believed thatall things consist of four elements: fire,water,earth,and air; and in the human body these elements appearas four humours: fire = choler,water = phlegm.earth = melancholy or black bile,air = blood. Aman’s temperament or nature depends upon the wayin which these humours are tempered or mixed inhim. So in Elizabethan English humour has a widersense than now. Meantime the excessive use of thisword in fashion in Shakespeare’s time is often ridi-culed by him. 莎士比亞時(shí)代的人認(rèn)為萬物均由火、水、土、空氣四大元素構(gòu)成，在人體中這四種元素分別形成為膽汁、黏液、憂郁液和血液四種體液，而一個(gè)人的氣質(zhì)或天性則由某種體液在他身體內(nèi)占主導(dǎo)地位所決定。humour是當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)髦名詞，在頻繁使用中派生出多種含義，但有時(shí)用得過濫，也變成無意義的笑料。
1. fluid in the body （人的）體液。
△Rom.4.1.94:“Andthis distilling liquor drink thou off,/ When presentlythrough all thy veins shall run / A cold and drowsyhumour；”你把這蒸餾過的汁液一口喝下，那時(shí)就立刻會(huì)有一股寒冷昏沉之感透過你的渾身血脈。
2. fluid of the human body; moisture （人的）體液；濕氣。
△Ado.3.2.26: “What? Sigh for the toothache?Where is but a humour or a worm.” (Toothacheswere supposed to be caused by abnormal secretions orby small worms in the teeth.)怎么？ 為了牙疼而嘆氣？那只不過因?yàn)槌隽它c(diǎn)膿水，或者一條小蟲作怪。(按：過去認(rèn)為牙疼系因體液不正?；蜓老x引起。)
3. temperament,character,disposition氣質(zhì)，性格，性情。
△2H.IV.2.4.256 (236):“Sirrah,what humour’s theprince of?”喂，太子是怎樣的性情？
△2H.VI. 5.1.132:“Ay,Clifford; a bedlam and ambitious humour /Makes him oppose himself against his king.”不錯(cuò)，克利福；瘋狂而野心勃勃的性情使他公然與他的國王作對(duì)。
△R.III.4.4.269 (268):“That would I learn of you,/ As onebeing best acquainted with her humour.”這就要向你請(qǐng)教了，因?yàn)槟阕盍私馑男愿瘛?br/>4. mental disposition,temperamental bent,temper脾性，脾氣。
△Shr.4.1.183 (180): “He kills her in herown humour.”i. e. He subdues her ill temper with aworse temper.他用她自己的那套脾氣來治她。
△ L.L.L.5.1. 10 (9):“His humour is lofty，”他的秉性傲慢。
△Mid.1. 2. 30 (28):“yet my chief humour is for a tyrant.”但是扮演一個(gè)暴君才最合我的胃口。
△Mer. 4.1.43:“it ismy humour，”這是我的脾氣。(又譯：這是我的愛好。)
△As.3.2.19: “As it is a spare life …it fits my humourwell；”由于這是一種儉樸的生活，它很合我的脾氣。
△Ado.1.1.136(130):“I am of your humour for that.”我在這一點(diǎn)上和你的脾氣是一樣的。
△Oth.3.4. 123 (124): “Mylord is not my lord; nor should I know him/Were hein favour as in humour altered.”我的丈夫已經(jīng)不是我的丈夫了；要是他的面貌也像他的脾氣變了樣，我簡直要不認(rèn)識(shí)他了。
△2H.IV.2.1.164 (148):“Come,and (=if) ’twere(=it were) not for thy humours,there’s not a betterwench in England.”算了，要不是因?yàn)槟愕倪@種脾氣，全英國也找不出比你更好的姑娘了。
5. state of mind,mood,inclination,tendency心境，心情，意向，傾向。
△Com.1.2.21:“Lightens my humourwith his merry jests.” 說些笑話使我的心情輕松一下。
△Wiv.4.2. 214(199): “Let’s obey his humour a little further.”我們就再順著他的意思辦吧。
△Rom.1.1.134(129): “Pursued my humour,not pursuing his，” i.e.followed my own mood and left Romeo alone,followed my inclination for solitude by not demandingfrom Romeo the reason for his similar inclination. 按照我個(gè)人的心情自找去處，而不去追蹤他。
△Rom.1.1.141:“Black and portendous must this humour prove，”這種心情恐怕是不祥之兆。
△Oth.4.2.165: “’tis but his humour.”這只是他一時(shí)的心情不好。
△1H.IV.1.2. 217(195): “and will a while uphold / The unyoked humour of your idleness，”我暫時(shí)支持你們這種沒有約束的輕浮傾向。
△H.V.2.1.58 (55): “I have an humour to knock you indifferently well.”我倒有心把你美美地揍一頓。
△R.III.1.2. 229 (227): “Was ever woman in thishumour wooed?/ Was ever woman in this humour won?”可曾有女人在這樣的心情之中被人求婚？ 可曾有女人在這樣的心情之中被人贏得？
△R.III.1.4.120 (117):“I hope this passionate humour of mine will change.“我希望我這種感情用事的心情會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變。
△R.III.4.1.64:“To feed myhumour wish thyself no harm.” i.e. do not curse yourself just to satisfy my vengeful mood.不要為了寬我的心而詛咒你自己。
6. bent of mind心愿。
△Ado.5.4.102 (101): “flout me out of my humour.”把我嘲笑得改變了自己的主意。
7. whim,fancy興致，愛好。
△Shr.1.2. 108 (107):“l(fā)et him go while the humour lasts，”讓他乘著這股興致就去吧。
△Wiv.1.1.137 (133): “Slice,that’s my humour.”切片，我愛好的就是這個(gè)。
△Ado.1. 3. 18 (17):“l(fā)augh when I am merry,and claw no man in his humour.”我高興了就笑，從不去迎合別人的興致。
8. caprice,whim,fancy怪想頭，奇想，幻想。
△As.3.2.445 (418):“from his mad humour of love to a living humour of madness，”從他那對(duì)于愛情的瘋狂幻想一變而為實(shí)實(shí)在在的瘋狂念頭。
△As. 5.4.61 (58):“a poor humour of mine,sir,to take that that (= that which) no man else will.”這是我的怪脾氣，先生，偏要人家不肯要的。
△Tw. 2. 5. 59 (52): “And then to have the humour of state；”i.e. the whims of the great.顯示一下貴人的脾氣。
△Rom.2.1.7: “Romeo! humours! (i.e. whimsies,caprices.) madman! passion! lover!” 羅米歐！ 癡人！ 瘋子！ 戀人！ 情郎！
9. freaks of temperament or conduct怪脾氣，怪誕行為。
△2H.IV.2.4.176(163):“These be good humours indeed!”i.e. fine goings indeed.好大的脾氣，真是的！
10. capriciousness,changeableness 反復(fù)無常，多變。
△Tw.1.4.5:“You either fear his humour or my negligence,that you call in question the continuance of his love.”你一定是恐怕公爵的脾氣善變，或是我的性情疏忽，所以你才懷疑他的寵愛能否繼續(xù)下去。
11. conceit巧思。
△L.L.L.3.1.24 (23):“these are humours，”這就是花頭。
12. mirth,merriment,mockery歡笑，歡樂，嘲笑。
△Tw.2.5.95 (84): “O,peace,and the spirit of humours intimate reading aloud to him!”i.e. may the spirit of mockery suggest to him that he reads it aloud. 啊，別做聲，但愿戲謔之神提示他高聲朗讀才好！
△Wiv.3.1.87 (85):“Pray you let us not be laughingstocks to other men's humours.”請(qǐng)你不要使我們成為別人取樂的笑柄。
13. figure of speech修辭手段，形象比喻。
△Wiv.1.3.54(51):“Will that humour pass?”這句俏皮話還算不錯(cuò)吧？
△Wiv.1.3.61 (56):“The humour rises; it is good.”話說得越來越俏皮；好得很。
14. The excessive use of this word in fashion in Shakespeare's time is often ridiculed by him,especial ly in Corporal Nym's jargon in Wiv. and H. V.,in which the word becomes one of any meaning,down to no meaning在莎士比亞時(shí)代，humour一詞成為一個(gè)時(shí)髦字眼，被大家濫用。這一現(xiàn)象在莎劇中受到嘲笑。特別是在《溫莎的風(fēng)流娘兒們》和《亨利五世》兩劇中，尼姆班長用這個(gè)詞兒表達(dá)任何意思，到處亂用，達(dá)到了失去這個(gè)詞兒的本來意思的地步
△Wiv.2.1.130(128): “I like not the humour of lying. He hath wronged me in some humours. I should have borne the humoured letter to her；”我不喜歡說謊的習(xí)慣。他有許多地方對(duì)不起我。我本該把這封情書給她送去。
△Wiv.2.1.138 (135): “I love not the humour of bread and cheese,and there's the humour of it.”我對(duì)于面包和干酪沒有胃口，這就是我的胃口。
15.?fancy,whim,caprice幻想，怪念頭，奇想。
?morbid bodily fluids such as bile,phlegm,choler and blood; diseases (thought to be the product of these fluids)致病的體液(如黑膽汁、痰、膽汁、血);（由于這些體液所引起的）種種疾病。
trunk of humours: ?chest of caprices怪脾氣的箱子：
?receptacle or container of morbid bodily fluids or diseases充滿疾病的容器。
△1H.IV.2.4.500 (448):“Why dost thou converse with that trunk of humours.”你為什么要交結(jié)那個(gè)怪脾氣的箱子(又譯：充滿疾病的容器；毛病簍子)?
Phrases & Expressions:
bad humours: ?ill temper,ill will,displeasure壞脾氣，惡意，不滿。
△H.V.2.1.128(121): “The King hath run bad humours on the knight.”國王對(duì)這位爵士發(fā)了好大一頓脾氣。
?injuries損害。
△H.V.3.2.28 (26):“These be good humours! your honour wins bad humours.”i.e. your homage only gains injuries from him. 這可真算是好脾氣！ 你對(duì)他尊敬，卻得到了侮辱。
church-like humours: pious disposition,temperament befitting a clergyman虔誠的性格，適于做教士的脾氣。
△2H.VI.1.1.248 (247): “Whose church-like humours fits not for a crown.”他那像教士一般的脾氣不適合當(dāng)國王。
good humours: good temper好脾氣。
△H.V.3.2.28(26): “These be good humours!” (Ironical.)i.e. Arethese what you call good humours?這可真算是好脾氣！humour of forty fancies: ?probably the title of acollection of ballads such as were called fancies,usedhere for fantastical ornament可能指《情歌40首》一類的小歌本；插在帽子上作為一種奇特的裝飾品。
?many ribbonstied together,instead of a feather雜色緞帶捆在一起以代替羽毛作為帽飾。(“No one knows what it means. ”此語迄今無確解。)
△Shr.3.2.71 (68): “and the humour offorty fancies pricked in't for a feather.” 上面插著《情歌一束》，代替一根羽飾。
humour of it: way it's going情況。
△H.V.3.2.5:“The humour of it is too hot,that is the very plainsong of it.”現(xiàn)在這么著未免太厲害了，我說的可是實(shí)情。
humours of blood: moods,temperament,natural dis-position,caprices of disposition情緒，性情，癖性，怪癖。
△2H.IV.2.3.30: “In military rules,humours ofblood，”在作戰(zhàn)規(guī)則方面，以及性情脾氣方面。
idle humour: absurd fancy無聊的幻想，胡思亂想。
△Shr.Ind.2.14 (13): “Heaven cease this idle hu-mour in your honour!”但愿上天掃除老爺?shù)倪@種胡思亂想！that is the humour of it: ?that is my intention這就是我的心意。
△H.V.2.1. 62 (59): “and that's the hu-mour of it.” i. e. that's my intention. 這就是我的心意。
△H.V. 2. 1. 73 (69): “I will cut thy throat one timeor other in fair terms,that is the humour of it.”總有一天我要把你的喉管完全割斷，這就是我的心意。
?that is theway,that is the situation情況就是如此。
△H.V.2.1.102 (97):“That now I will have: that' s the humour ofit.”現(xiàn)在我要的就是這個(gè)；情況就是如此。
humourvt.
1. comply with the humour of,influence by observingone's inclinations順應(yīng)…的脾氣，通過順應(yīng)…的心意而影響…
△Ado.2.1.398 (380):“I will teach you how to hu-mour your cousin,that she shall fall in love with Ben-edick.”我要教你如何順著你妹妹的脾氣行事，好讓她與班尼狄克發(fā)生戀愛。
2. indulge,gratify by compliance,tamper with遷就，迎合，以不正當(dāng)手段影響。
△L.L.L.4.2.51:“to humourthe ignorant，”為了就蠢人。
△2H.IV.5.1.78 (71):“If I had a suit to Master Shallow,I would humourhis men with the imputation of being near their mas-ter；”如果我有事要求夏祿先生，我就去奉承他的仆人們，夸他們多么受主人的信任。
3. adapt oneself to使自己適應(yīng)于，順著。
△L.L.L.3.1.14 (13):“humour it with turning up your eyelids，”順著曲調(diào)不時(shí)地翻起眼皮。 |