(1)保持某種狀態(tài)(be or stay in a certain position or condition)[L+adj，I+prep，I+adv]：～busy/calm (fine/silent) 保持忙碌/鎮(zhèn)靜(優(yōu)秀/沉默);～inside the house during the cold weather 天氣寒冷時待在室內(nèi);K～off the grass!勿踏草地!Traffic in China～s to the right. 在中國車輛靠右行駛。K～back there.The dog is very dangerous.不要往前走。那狗太危險。
?(2)使繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)(cause to continue in a certain position or condition)[T+n+prep，T+n+adv，C+n+adj，C+n+ing]：～sb in custody/a state of suspense 拘留某人/使某人處于懸念中;～one's things in order 把自己的東西放得整整齊齊;K～your nose out of my affairs.我的事你不要管。have difficulty in～ing body and soul together 很難糊口;～sb amused/cheerful 使某人快樂/高興;～sb afloat despite the waves盡管有風(fēng)浪也能使人漂著;～one's eyes open 睜著眼睛;The doctor kept him alive by a blood transfusion. 醫(yī)生給他輸了血使他病情穩(wěn)定。I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。K～the fire burning . 別讓火滅了。
?(3)老是(不斷)做某事(go on(performing or repeating a certain action))[T+ing，I+adv(on)]：K～smiling/going!保持笑容/一直往前走!～interrupting sb 老是插嘴打斷某人;The prices～falling.物價持續(xù)下跌?！玱n making the same mistake/wiping one's eyes with the back of one's hand 總是犯同樣的錯誤/用手背擦眼睛;
?(4)保留(存，有)(have for a very long or indefinite period of time;retain)[T+n，T+n+prep(for)，D+n+n]～locks of one's friend's hair/one's sense of humour 保留幾綹朋友的頭發(fā)/幽默感;K～the change. 零錢不用找了。K～your distance!保持距離!～a seat/a place in the queue for sb 為某人留個座位/在排隊時為某人占個地兒;
?(5)存放，保管，儲藏(have or make sth stay in a particular place or position;store)[T+n，T+n+prep]：～all one's letters 保存自己所有的信件;～one's car in a garage 把車停在車庫里;～one's licence in a safe place 把駕照放在安全的地方;have not enough shelves to～all one's books on 沒有足夠的書架放下所有的書;a camera that you can～in your pocket 能放在口袋里的照相機;～a can of baked beans for emergencies 為緊急情況儲備一聽烘豆;〖同〗hold，store，deposit，heap，pile;
?(6)照看(料)(look after or care for)[T+n，T+n+prep(for)， D+n+n]：～a garden/sb's coat and hat 照看花園/某人的衣帽;～one's niece 照料自己的侄子;～house for sb 為某人料理家務(wù);〖同〗care for，take care of，look after，mind;
?(7)經(jīng)營，管理(own and manage)[T+n]：～a hairdresser's shop/dry-goods store/small hotel 經(jīng)營一家美發(fā)廳/服裝店/小旅店;
?(8)經(jīng)售(銷)，備有(have a supply of sth for sale or in stock)[T+n]：～sausage/buttons/postcards 備有香腸/鈕扣/明信片;
?(9)供(贍)養(yǎng)(provide food，clothes，housing for sb;support financially)[T+n]：～one's niece/one's wife and children/oneself and one's family 供養(yǎng)侄女/妻子和孩子們/自己和家庭;～a mistress in Chelsea 在切爾西養(yǎng)了一個情婦;～a large family on a small income 用微薄的收入供養(yǎng)一大家人;〖同〗support，maintain，sustain;
?(10)飼養(yǎng)(raise and feed birds or animals)[T+n]：～bees/ducks/geese 養(yǎng)蜜蜂/鴨子/鵝;～hens on one's farm 在自己的農(nóng)場飼養(yǎng)母雞;
?(11)保持不壞，保鮮(stay fresh or unspoiled)[I]：Vegetables/Milk won't～long.蔬菜/牛奶不能長時間保鮮。Will this meat/food～until tomorrow?這肉/食物能保存到明天不壞嗎?
?(12)遵(保)守，履行(act in the way demanded by)[T+n]：～a promise/an appointment/a treaty 遵守諾言/守約/恪守條約;～the law 遵守法律;
?(13)記，寫(make current entries in)[T+n]：～a diary/a record 寫日記/作記錄;～the accounts (for a club)(為一家俱樂部)記賬;
?(14)慶祝(celebrate)[T+n]：～Christmas/one's birthday 過圣誕節(jié)/生日;～the Sabbath守安息日;〖同〗observe，hold，celebrate，honour;
?(15)耽擱(誤)(hold back or delay)[T+n]：Sorry to～you. 抱歉耽誤你了。I wonder what is～ing her. 我真想知道什么事情使她耽擱住了。
?(16)保護(佑)，防(把)守(guard or protect)[T+n，T+n+prep(from)]：～goal/wicket 守(足球)門/(板球)三柱門;pray to God to～sb from harm 乞求上帝保佑某人免受傷害;
?(17)保持健康(be in the specified or stated condition of health)[I]：How are you/is your father～ing? 你/你父親現(xiàn)在身體好嗎? I'm～ing well. 我身體很好。
?keep it up 保持成績;繼續(xù)下去： If only she could～it up，she would break the world record.只要她保持這成績，她是能打破世界記錄的。
?keep (sb) at sth 堅持不懈地做：If you～hard at your work，you'll soon have the job finished. 如果你繼續(xù)努力地干下去，不久就能完成這項工作。She kept at me for a year to buy her a new coat，until in the end I agreed，just so as to have some peace from her. 一年來她不斷地要我給她買件新上衣，直到我同意了她才平靜下來。
?keep(sb/sth)away from(使)不靠近，(使)離開：Children should be kept away from the river.不可讓孩子們靠近那條河。
?keep back (v adv) 1)扣下，不給(vt)：They kept back $3 a month from my salary for National Insurance. 他們每月從我的工資中扣下三美元作為國民保險。2)阻止，抑制(vt)：She made an effort to～back her tears. 她強忍住淚水。3)隱瞞(vt)：I'll～nothing back from you. 我什么也不會向你隱瞞。4)阻擋，使不往前(vt)：The men built banks of earth to～back the rising flood waters.人們建了土堤以阻擋不斷上漲的洪水。
?keep down (v adv) 1)使不增加(vt)：～down wages/prices 不提高工資/ 價格;～down one's anger制怒;do exercises to～down weight 鍛煉身體以減輕體重; 2)阻止繁殖或生長(vt)：We hoe the garden to～down the weeds.我們在花園中鋤地，以防雜草蔓生。3)忍著不吐出(vt)：The patient couldn't～any thing down.病人吃什么吐什么。4)蹲下(vi)：K～down and don't make a sound!蹲下，別出聲!K～your hand down.放下手。5)壓制(vt)：The military government tried to～down the revolutionaries.軍政府試圖鎮(zhèn)壓革命者。
?keep ... from(doing)sth 阻(防)止：The noise～s her from sleeping.噪聲使她不能入睡。He～s from alcohol and tobacco.他煙酒不沾。
?keep sth from sb 隱瞞：I thought it best to～the bad news from her.我認(rèn)為最好別告訴她這個壞消息。
?keep in (v adv) 1)留校(vt)：Jennie was late home from school because the whole class had been kept in for bad behaviour. 珍妮放學(xué)回家晚是因為她班上的全體同學(xué)表現(xiàn)欠佳都被留校了。2)控制(vt)： He was very angry but was able to～it in and speak to her pleasantly. 雖然他很生氣，但還能控制著心平氣和地對她講話。
?keep in (v prep)供給(vt)：She doesn't earn enough to～herself in leather shoe.她賺的錢不夠買皮鞋的。
?keep in with (v adv prep)與……熟，近(vt)(infml)：He kept in with his manager.他討好經(jīng)理。
?keep off (v adv) 1)不發(fā)生(vi)：If the rain～s off，we shall go out.如果不下雨，我們就出去。2)避開(不碰到)(vi)：A notice was placed on the dangerously thin ice，warning people to～off.危險的薄冰處放置了一塊告示牌，警告人們不要靠近。3)不吃(喝，吸)：John～s off drink.約翰不喝酒。
?keep sb/sth off (sb/sth)(使)不靠近(碰到)： K～your dirty hands off (me)!你的臟手別碰我!
?keep on (v adv) 1)繼續(xù)(穿戴)，租用(vt)：It's rude for a man to～his hat on indoors 對一位男士來講，室內(nèi)戴帽子是不禮貌的?！玜 room on 繼續(xù)租用房間;2)繼續(xù)花用(vt)：The new owner kept Tom on as a gardener. 新主人繼續(xù)留用湯姆做花匠。3)繼續(xù)前進(vi)：K～on until you reach the traffic lights. Then turn left. 一直向前走到交通燈，然后向左拐。4)老是(不斷地)做(vt)：She kept on making the same mistake.她總是犯相同的錯誤。
?keep on at/about (v adv prep)對 …… 喋喋不休;嘮叨(vt)：I wish she wouldn't～on about her ailments. 我希望她不要沒完沒了地談她那點小病。Don't～on at me the whole time.不要老是對我嘮叨個沒完。
?keep out (v adv)(使)留在外面，使不能進入(vt)：They have shut the door and mean to～us out.他們已經(jīng)關(guān)上了門，意味著不讓我們進去。
?keep (sb) out of 不牽涉進去： I～out of his troubles.我沒有卷進他的麻煩中。I hope you'll～him out of trouble while I'm away. 我希望我不在的時候你能使他不要惹上麻煩。
?keep to (v prep) 1)遵守(循)(vt)：He always～s to his promises 他總是遵守自己的諾言。Having once made a plan，you should～to it. 一旦制訂了計劃，就應(yīng)執(zhí)行。2)堅持(vt)：K～to your task till you've finished it. 堅持工作，直到完成為止。3)停(逗)留(vt)：When Mary is in a bad temper，she～s to her room all day.當(dāng)瑪麗心情不好時，她就整天把自己關(guān)在房間里。
?keep oneself/sth to oneself 不與人交往;保守秘密(vt)：Nobody really knows what Mary thinks about anything，she～s (herself)to herself most of the time，and rarely expresses an opinion. 沒人知道瑪麗究竟在想什么，因為大部分時間她喜歡獨處，極少表達意見。Don't～the news to yourself，let's all share it. 別密而不宣了，讓我們也知道那消息吧。
?keep under(v adv) 1)控(壓)制(vt)：We tried to～the fire under. 我們力圖控制住火勢。2)壓迫(vt)：The dictator had kept his people under for 30 years. 人們被那個獨裁者壓迫了30年。
?keep up (v adv) 1)持續(xù)(vi)：If this storm～s up，the crops will be destroyed.如果暴風(fēng)雨繼續(xù)下去，農(nóng)作物將被毀。2)堅(保)持(vt)：They～up the habit of visiting old friends.他們保持著探訪老朋友的習(xí)慣。3)(使)熬夜(vt & vi)：I hope I'm not～ing you up. No，we often～up late. 我希望沒有害得你們熬夜。沒有，我們經(jīng)常睡得很晚。4)保養(yǎng)，維護(vt)：His grandfather was too poor to～up his house.他的祖父窮得無力維修自己的房子。We are very anxious to～up the reputation of the firm.我們急于維護公司的名聲。
?keep up with (v adv prep) 1)跟上(vt)：She had to run to～up with him. 她不得不跑步跟上他。We must～up with the times. 我們必須跟上時代的步伐。2)保持聯(lián)系(vt)：Do you still～up with Tom and Jack? 你依然和湯姆與杰克保持聯(lián)系嗎? 3)了解(vt)：Julie likes to～up with the latest fashions. 朱麗葉喜歡了解最新的服裝款式。
?→′keeper n 看守(管理)人;經(jīng)營者′keeping n 保管;一致;慶祝;′keepsake n 紀(jì)念品;
?【辨異】keep與reserve和retain 均可表示“保持”，“保留”。keep為常用詞，如：He would not be able to keep his job.(他恐怕保不住他那份工作了)。reserve 指保留，以待后用，如：They'll reserve the ticket for you till tomorrow noon.(票子給你保留到明天中午)。retain 較為正式，著重于繼續(xù)保持，特指保持不失去或不放棄，如：I retain the right to make my own decisions.(我保留獨自決定的權(quán)利。)