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n (1) 1)開拓者，拓荒者 (person who goes to a new， often uninhabited or uncivilized part of a country to live and work there) [C]： the～s of the American West 美國西部的開拓者;have a～spirit 具有開拓者的精神; 2)探索(險)者 (person who goes into previously unknown regions) [C]： a～in space 宇宙探索(險)者;

(2)先驅(qū)者，首創(chuàng)者(person who leads the way in a field of science， research， etc) [C]： a～in this field這一領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū);a～in the auto industry/the modern medicine/the television design 汽車工業(yè)/現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)/電視設(shè)計的先驅(qū);a～of photography/penicillin/operation on the human heart 照相術(shù)/青霉素/人體心臟手術(shù)的首創(chuàng)者;～s of space travel 宇宙航行的先驅(qū);～work 首創(chuàng)性的工作;a～method of adult education 成人教育的試驗性方法;〖同〗forerunner，founder，establisher;

(3)先遣兵(隊員) (any one of special group of soldiers who go forward to prepare the way for an army's advance， by clearing roads， building bridges， etc) [C];

v (1)開拓，拓荒 (act as a pioneer) [I]：～in the mountains 開拓荒山;

(2)開創(chuàng)(道路等) (open up a way， etc) [T+n]：～a new route to the valley 開辟一條通向山谷的新路線;

(3)首創(chuàng)，倡導(dǎo)(begin or help in the early development of) [T+n]：～a method/a new type of vehicle/a new technique/the modern micro processor 首創(chuàng)一種方法/一種新型車輛/一項新技術(shù)/現(xiàn)代化的微處理器;～a study 倡導(dǎo)一項研究;

→pio′neering adj 開拓的，探索的