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(1)宣(發(fā))誓(promise with a solemn oath)[I，I+prep，T+n，T+that，T+to-inf 無pass]：～before speaking 在發(fā)言之前先宣誓;She swore on the Bible/her honour. 她以圣經(jīng)/自己的名義發(fā)誓。～an oath of loyalty/allegiance/eternal love to sb 發(fā)誓忠誠/效忠/永遠(yuǎn)愛某人;He swore his evidence. 他發(fā)誓說證詞是真實(shí)的。～in the court that one's story was true/one would not run into debt again 在法庭上宣誓所說屬實(shí)/不再負(fù)債;He held her close and swore never to forsake her/reveal the secret. 他緊緊抱住她發(fā)誓說決不拋棄她/泄露秘密。a sworn statement 宣誓證詞;a sworn enemy/opponent 死敵/堅(jiān)定的反對(duì)者;〖同〗assert，promise;

(2)宣誓表示，鄭重保證(state，declare or promise very definitely and positively)[無pass：T+n，T+that，T+to-inf]：I've never told before，I～it. 我鄭重表示我以前從未說過此事。He swore the worthless stones to be real diamonds. 她發(fā)誓說這些毫無價(jià)值的石頭是真正的鉆石。I could have sworn she was here a minute ago. 我可以肯定一分鐘前她還在這兒?！玹o obey the order 鄭重表示遵從命令;He swore blind (infml) that he had not taken the paper. 他肯定地說他沒拿走文件。

(3)詛咒(curse)[I，I+prep (at)]：The boy～s like a trooper. 男孩總是破口大罵。Don't～in front of children. 不要在孩子面前說臟話。The manager swore at the office boy (who dropped some ink on the ledger). 經(jīng)理大罵(把墨水灑在賬簿上的)勤雜工。I overheard one of the dissatisfied spectators～ing about the referee/the wretched weather. 我隱約聽到一位不滿的觀眾在詛咒裁判員/倒霉的天氣?！纪絚urse;

(4)起誓證實(shí)(某事)以反對(duì)(某人)(affirm earnestly and with great conviction)[T+n，T+n+ prep (against)]：～a charge 起誓指控屬實(shí);～an accusation against sb 起誓對(duì)某人的控告屬實(shí);

(5)使宣誓，以誓言約束(bind by means of an oath)[T+n+prep (to)]：He swore them to silence. 他要他們發(fā)誓守口如瓶。Everyone connected with the project was sworn to secrecy. 要求凡與這個(gè)工程有關(guān)的人都要保守秘密。

swear by (v prep) 1)以……發(fā)誓(擔(dān)保)(vt)：John swore by his honour/God that he is completely innocent. 約翰以自己的聲譽(yù)/上帝的名義發(fā)誓說他是無辜的。2)信賴(vt)(infml)：I～by anything he says/strictness for discipline/that firm. 我相信他說的任何話/我主張紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明/我信賴那家公司。She～s by aspirin. 她主張用阿斯匹林。

swear in (v adv)使宣誓就職(vt，尤pass)：At the inauguration，the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court swore in the new president. 就職典禮上，最高法院的首席法官讓新總統(tǒng)宣誓就職。The new member was sworn in by the chairman. 主席要求新成員宣誓就職。

swear off (v prep)保證戒掉(vt)(infml)：He has sworn off drinking/cigarette/candy on doctor's orders. 他遵醫(yī)囑已經(jīng)發(fā)誓要戒酒/煙/糖果。

swear to (v prep)發(fā)誓……，堅(jiān)持說(vt) (infml)：I think I locked the document in the safe，but I couldn't～to it. 我覺得是把文件鎖在保險(xiǎn)柜里了，但我不能保證。Can you～to his having been in your house that evening? 你能發(fā)誓那天晚上他到過你的房間嗎?

→′swearer n 發(fā)誓者;′swear-word 詛咒語;

【辨異】swear與curse的區(qū)別見CURSE。