v (1)(使)轉(zhuǎn)動((cause sth to) move round a point or center)[I，I+prep，T+n，T+n+prep]：The wheels of the car/The hands of a clock seem to～fast. 車輪/鐘表上的指針?biāo)坪蹀D(zhuǎn)得很快。I pressed the button and the lathe began to～. 我按了一下電鈕，車床就開始轉(zhuǎn)動起來?！玱n the hinge/the axis 在鉸鏈/軸上旋轉(zhuǎn);～the tap 擰水龍頭;～the handle/the knob/the steering-wheel 轉(zhuǎn)動把手/球形把手/舵輪;～the key in the lock 轉(zhuǎn)動鑰匙開鎖;～about 轉(zhuǎn)向，倒轉(zhuǎn);〖同〗rotate;
?(2)(使)改變方向(位置)((cause to) change direction or position)[I，I+prep，I+adv，T+n，T+n+prep，T+n+adv]：He～ed and waved/walked away. 他轉(zhuǎn)過身揮手/走了?！玹o look at sb 轉(zhuǎn)過身看著某人;About/Right/Left～!(軍事口令)向后/右/左轉(zhuǎn)!～towards sb/off the motorway/for home 轉(zhuǎn)身朝向某人/拐彎駛離高速公路/往家走;She～ed around when she heard his voice. 她聽到他的聲音，便轉(zhuǎn)過身來。His thoughts～ed to his dead parents.(fig)他開始思念去世的父母。～one's back to the wall 轉(zhuǎn)過身背沖著墻;～one's thoughts to one's home 開始想家;～(one's face) away and weep 轉(zhuǎn)過頭去哭了;
?(3)(使)翻轉(zhuǎn)((cause to) move so that the underside or inside becomes the upperside) [I，I+adv (over)，T+n，T+n+adv (over)]：～all night 整夜輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè);～over to lie on one's front 翻身俯臥;～the page/the pancakes/the steak 把這一頁翻過去/把煎餅翻個個兒/把牛排翻個個兒;～the record over 把唱片反過來;The doctor～ed the patient over and looked at his back. 大夫讓病人轉(zhuǎn)過身來看看他的后背?！纪絩otate;
?(4)瞄準(zhǔn)，指向(set or direct in a specified way;point)[T+n+prep]：～the water-cannon on the rioters 將水槍對準(zhǔn)暴亂分子; ～the guns on the bank robbers 將槍對準(zhǔn)搶銀行的匪徒;～one's attention to one's work/the question of fund (fig) 將注意力集中于工作/資金的問題;～one's eyes (one's gaze) towards sb/on sb/to the ceiling/to the sky 眼睛朝某人望去/向某人望去/盯著天花板/盯著天空;
?(5)向……方向去(cause to go in a particular direction;send or drive to)[T+n+prep，T+n+adv，C+n+adj]：～the horse/the car into a narrow street 將馬趕到/車子駛?cè)胍粭l狹窄的街道;～one's own son out of the house 把自己的兒子趕出家門;～the braggart out of the bar 把吹牛的人趕出酒吧;～a boat adrift 讓船隨波逐流;～the prisoners loose 放了囚犯;
?(6)折疊，翻轉(zhuǎn)(change the position of sth by folding，bending，etc)[T+n+adv]：～up the collar of one's coat 豎起衣領(lǐng);～the blankets down 疊起毯子;I hate people who～the pages of a book down to show where they have got to. 我討厭人們把書頁折起來作讀到哪兒的記號。
?(7) 1)繞過(go or past around or to the other side of)[I+prep(round)，T+n]：～(round) a corner 拐彎;～a street corner 轉(zhuǎn)過街角; 2)(路，河的)轉(zhuǎn)向((of a road，river) change direction)[L+n，I+prep]：(river)～north (west) at that point/here(河)從那里/這里轉(zhuǎn)而向北(西)流去;(path/road)～to the left/the right at that big tree(小路)在那棵大樹那兒向左/右延伸;
?(8)轉(zhuǎn)圈(perform or accomplish by rotating)[T+n，無pass]：～cartwheels/somersaults/handsprings 側(cè)手翻/翻筋斗/前手翻;～a pirouette 用腳尖旋轉(zhuǎn);
?(9) 1)(使)變?yōu)?(cause to) make or become) [L+adj，L+n，C+n+adj]：～sour/yellow/cold 變酸/黃/冷;～angry/quarrelsome 生起氣來/變得愛爭吵了;～botanist/politician/cook成了植物學(xué)家/政治家/廚師;～the leaves green/sb's hair gray 使樹葉變綠了/某人的頭發(fā)變白;〖同〗change，become，transform，make，convert;〖反〗remain，stay; 2)變壞(酸)((cause to) make or become sour or the like)[I，T+n]：Milk soon～s in summer. 夏天，牛奶很快變壞。The hot weather～ed the milk. 天氣熱使牛奶變壞了。〖同〗 sour，spoil; 3)達到或超過(一定的年齡、時間等)(become，reach，or surpass(a certain age，time，etc))[T+n][無prog]：His son just～ed four. 他的兒子剛到四周歲。He～ed fifty on his last birthday. 他已經(jīng)過了50歲生日。It's～ed midnight/10 o'clock. 已過了午夜/10點鐘了。
?(10)(使)變成((cause to) become or change to)[I+prep (from) (to/into)，I+adv (to/into)，T+n+prep (from) (to/into)，T+n+prep (to/into)]：～from caterpillars into (to) butterflies 從毛毛蟲變成蝴蝶; ～from water into (to) ice 從冰變成水;～from a gentle man into (to) a nasty employer 從一個溫文爾雅的人變成一個可惡的老板;～from bewilderment into/to horror 從迷惑變成了恐懼;Caterpillars～into/to butterflies.毛毛蟲變成蝴蝶。Tadpoles～into/to frogs. 蝌蚪變成青蛙?！玹he story from the novel into/to a film 把這個故事從小說改編成電影;～one's old dress into a skirt/the mountain slopes into terraced fields 把舊衣服改成裙子/山坡變成良田;～failure into success/grief into strength 轉(zhuǎn)敗為勝/化悲痛為力量;〖同〗change，become，transform，make，convert;〖反〗remain，stay;
?(11)使反胃(惡心)((cause the stomach to) have a feeling of sick)[I，T+n]：(sth) make sb's stomach～(某物)使某人惡心;At the sight of raw meat my stomach～s. 一看見生肉，我就反胃。Greasy food～s my stomach. 油膩的食物使我反胃。The smell of that cigar was enough to～your stomach. 那股煙味令你惡心難忍。
?turn sb against sb 使……與……反目：She～ed him against his family by constantly criticizing him. 她不斷地批評他，致使他開始反對自己的家庭。
?turn against (v prep)與……反目;與……為敵(vt)：～against one's brother/one's friend 與自己的兄弟/朋友反目;
?turn around/round (v adv) 1)(使)轉(zhuǎn)過去(vt & vi)：The little girl～ed round and ran to her mother. 那個小女孩轉(zhuǎn)過去，跑向她的母親。When we came home，she had spent the day～ing all the furniture around. 我們到家的時候，她已經(jīng)花了一整天把家具都移動了。2)(船或飛機)完成一航程并為下一航程做準(zhǔn)備(vt & vi)：I'll send some more men to help you～the plane around. 我將多派一些人幫你們裝卸飛機。These big ships need a whole day to～round. 這些大船需要一整天裝卸。
?turn away (v adv) 1)拒絕幫助;不許進入(vt)：He never～ed away anyone who asked for his help. 任何人來找他幫忙，他都從不拒絕。The hotel porter～ed away anybody who wasn't wearing a tie. 賓館門童不許不打領(lǐng)帶的人進入。2)轉(zhuǎn)身不看(vi)：He suddenly cried and～ed away in horror. 他突然大叫一聲，驚恐地轉(zhuǎn)過身去。
?turn down (v adv) 1)不理會，駁回(vt)：～down sb's offer/sb's request 拒絕某人的提議/請求; 2)調(diào)低(音量、熱度)(vt)：～the record-player/the radio/the gas down 調(diào)低錄音機的音量/調(diào)低收音機的音量/把煤氣擰小火;
?turn in (v adv) 1)告發(fā)某人(vt)(infml)：They～ed the escaped prisoner in to the police. 他們向警察告發(fā)了逃犯。 2) 交 (退) 回 (vt)：～in the weapons 武器交回; 3)放棄 (vt)：～in a job/a piece of work 放棄這份工作;4)去睡覺(vi)(infml)：Eleven o'clock — Let's～in. 11點鐘了，我們?nèi)ニX吧。5)向內(nèi)彎(vi)：Why do your toes～in? 為什么你的腳呈內(nèi)八字?
?turn off (v adv) 1)離開公路(vi)：Let's～off and find a quieter road. 讓我們離開這條路，找一條清靜些的路。 2)使某人厭惡(vt)(infml)：Such poor teaching always～s students off. 這么差的教學(xué)令學(xué)生們厭惡。3)關(guān)上(vt)：～off the tap/the gas/the oven/the light 關(guān)上水龍頭/煤氣/烤箱/燈;～the television/the radio off 關(guān)上電視/收音機;
?turn on (v adv) 1)出其不意攻擊某人(vt)：The dog went mad and～ed on his own master. 那條狗瘋了，咬起自己的主人。Why did she～on me like that? Have I said something to offend her? 為什么她突然沖我來了，我說了觸犯她的話了嗎?2)打開(vt)：～on the tap/the gas/the oven/the light 打開水龍頭/煤氣/烤箱/燈;～the television/the radio on 打開電視/收音機; 3)依某事而定(vt)：The outcome of the election～on whether the voters believed the senator's speech or not. 選舉的結(jié)果取決于投票者是否相信參議員的演講。4)使感興趣(vt)：Mozart's music always～s me on. 莫扎特的樂曲，我非常感興趣。
?turn out (v adv) 1)制造;培養(yǎng)出(vt)：～out ten finished articles an hour 一小時出10件成品;The school～ed out a really able musician. 這所學(xué)校培養(yǎng)了一位真正有才能的音樂家。2)到場，集合(vi)：Everybody～ed out to watch the procession. 每個人都出來觀看列隊儀式。3)結(jié)果是，證明是(vi)：～out to be false/a success 結(jié)果是假的/很成功;～out easy/well 結(jié)果很容易/很好;It～s out that her new book is a great success. 結(jié)果她的新書非常成功。4)(將某物)弄空(vt)：～out one's desk/one's pockets/a cupboard 騰空自己的書桌/把衣袋里的東西全拿出來/騰空碗櫥; 5)關(guān)，熄滅(vt)：～out the gas/the light 關(guān)煤氣/熄燈; 6)趕走某人(vt)：If tenants didn't pay their rent，the landlord could～them out. 如果房客沒付租金，房主就把他們趕走。7)扔掉(vt)：Isn't it time we～ed out all those old newspapers? 難道我們不該把那些舊報紙扔掉了嗎?8)打扮，穿著(vt)：She always～s her children out well. 她總是把她的孩子們打扮得漂漂亮亮的。
?turn to (v prep) 1)求助于(vt)：With no one to～to in her desperate situation，she felt quite miserable. 絕望之時無人幫助，她感到特別痛苦。2)努力干(vi)：We'd better～to and clean up this place. 我們最好努力把這個地方徹底清掃一遍。
?turn up (v adv) 1)出現(xiàn)(席)(vi)：～up late 來晚了; 2)發(fā)現(xiàn)，挖出，暴露(vt)：～up a lot of new information/evidence 發(fā)現(xiàn)大量新資料/證據(jù); 3)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，被找到(vi)：The missing wallet～ed up in an ash-can. 丟失的錢包在垃圾筒里找到了。4)(指貿(mào)易、金融等)上升，升值(vi)：The pound seems to be～ing up at last. 最終英鎊升值。5)(指機會)到來(vi)：Mr. MiCawber was always waiting for something to～up. 麥考伯先生總是等待有什么機會出現(xiàn)。6)使某物朝上(vi & vt)：Collars in the latest fashion all～up. 如今最時髦的是豎領(lǐng)。T～your collar up;it will at least keep the rain off the back of your neck. 把領(lǐng)子豎起來，至少能遮擋雨水不從脖子后面流進。7)改短(衣服)(vt)：Can you～my skirt up for me? 你能幫我把這條裙子改短嗎?8)開大音量(vt)：Please～the radio up，I'd like to hear the news. 請把收音機聲音開大，我要聽新聞。
?→′turn-about n 轉(zhuǎn)向;倒轉(zhuǎn);′turn-around n 徹底的轉(zhuǎn)變;′turn-off n 岔道;使人討厭的人或事;′turn-on n 使人激動的事;′turn-out n 人數(shù);清理(房間等);衣著方式;′turnover n 營業(yè)額;周轉(zhuǎn)率;人事變動率;油酥餃;′turn-round n(指飛機、船)進港并重新裝貨;′turnstile n 旋轉(zhuǎn)門;′turntable n 盤;轉(zhuǎn)臺;′turn-up n 褲腳卷邊;′turning n 轉(zhuǎn)彎處;
?n (1)轉(zhuǎn)動，旋轉(zhuǎn)(act of turning or the condition of being turned)[C]：give the knob/the handle/the dial a～轉(zhuǎn)一下把手/把手/電話轉(zhuǎn)盤;The dancer executed a perfect～. 那位舞蹈演員的旋轉(zhuǎn)動作完成得非常完美?！纪絩otation，spin，swing;
?(2)轉(zhuǎn)變方向(change of direction or position)[C]：take a sudden～to the left/the right 突然向左/右轉(zhuǎn)彎; His life took a new～.(fig) (fml) 他的生活開始了新的轉(zhuǎn)折。
?(3)轉(zhuǎn)彎處(point where one can change direction)[C]：take the second/the third～on/to the left (the right) 到第二個/三個路口向左(右拐彎);a～in the road/the river 路/河的轉(zhuǎn)彎處;The road/river/lane is full of sharp/sudden～s. 馬路/河流/小巷有許多急轉(zhuǎn)彎的地方?！纪?curve，bend，zigzag，twist;
?(4)(輪到的)時機(chance or opportunity to do sth)[C，通sing]：It's his～. 該輪到他了。It's your～to pay the bill/deal the cards/choose a record. 輪到你付賬單/發(fā)牌/選一張唱片。have a～riding the pony 輪到騎一回馬;take a～at the machine/flying sb's private plane 輪著開機器/開某人的私人飛機;a～of duty 輪班;miss one's～錯過時機;take～s 依次做，輪流做;in～依次;by～s 輪流地;～and～about 一個接一個地;輪流做;out of～不按順序地;不合時宜地;〖同〗go，round，time，chance，opportunity;
?(5)發(fā)展變化，轉(zhuǎn)變，趨勢(development，movement or tendency in a particular direction)[C]：an unusual/unfortunate～of events 事態(tài)的異常/不利變化;take an unexpected～發(fā)生意想不到的變化;take a～for the better/the worse 好轉(zhuǎn)/惡化;at the～of the century 在世紀(jì)之交;(sb) get an artistic～ (某人)有愛好藝術(shù)的傾向; get a mechanical～ 變得呆板;There was a sarcastic～to his voice. 他話里帶有諷刺的口吻。have a serious/logical～of mind 具有嚴(yán)肅思考/邏輯思維的頭腦;
?(6)吃驚，震驚(momentary，nervous shock)(infml)[U，a～]：give sb quite a～著實嚇了某人一跳;He had quite a～when he first heard the news. 頭一次聽到這個消息，他很吃驚。〖同〗shock，start，surprise，scare;
?(7)溜達，散步(short walk or tour)[C]：take a～round the garden/in the park/along the beach 在花園周圍/在公園里/沿著海濱散散步;〖同〗walk，stroll;
?(8)短小的節(jié)目(brief theatrical performance)[C]：a comedy/song-and-dance/vaudeville/variety～喜劇/歌舞/輕歌舞劇/綜藝節(jié)目;
?(9)發(fā)病(sudden attack of illness)[C](infml)：She had a nasty～while she was out shopping. 她出去買東西時，突然犯病了。
?at every turn 處處，時常：She encountered difficulties at every～. 她時常遇到困難。
?【用法】by turns 意思為“交替地”，如：She went hot and cold by～s.(她一陣發(fā)熱一陣發(fā)冷。)而in turn 則是“依次地，一個一個地”，如：speak in～(依次發(fā)言);
?【辨異】1)turn 與circle、revolve、roll、rotate、spin和whirl的區(qū)別見CIRCLE。2)turn 與become、come、get和go的區(qū)別見BECOME。