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n(1) 損害(壞，失)((harm or injury that causes) loss of value，usefulness or attractiveness) [U][N(to)]：(earthquake)cause/do(great/much/some/little)～to ships/cars/cities(地震)對船只/汽車/城市造成(巨大/很大/一些/極少)損害(失);His foolish action caused great～to him. 他的愚蠢行為給他造成巨大損失。There's no～done. 沒造成什么損害。cause lethal～to the liver對肝臟造成致命的損害;storm～to crops 暴風(fēng)雨給莊稼造成的損害;～to sb's property/sb's reputation/sb's marriage 對某人財產(chǎn)/聲望/婚姻的損害;～by fire/from careless handling 火災(zāi)/粗心操作造成的損失;suffer/stand～遭受/經(jīng)受損失;The～amounted to $1000. 損失達1000美元?！纪?injury， harm， hurt， loss;〖反〗improvement， betterment;

(2) 賠償金(money to be paid to make up for damage， loss or injury) [pl]：(court) order the defendant to pay ￡1000～s for the accident(法庭)責(zé)令被告付1000英鎊事故損失賠償金;(judge) award ￡1000(in)～s to the injured man for the accident(法官)判給受傷者1000英鎊事故損失賠償金;claim ￡1000～s from sb for sth因某事向某人索賠1000英鎊;get ￡1000 in～s 獲得1000英鎊賠償金;〖同〗cost;

(3) 費用(amount of money sth costs) [U]：“What's the～?” he asked the waiter. 他問侍者：“要付多少錢?”Let's have a good lunch and I'll pay the～. 咱們中午美餐一頓，我請客。

vt 損害(壞，毀)(cause harm， injury to) [T+n]：(storm)～houses/crops/plants(暴風(fēng)雨)損壞房子/損害莊稼/損害植物;(fire)～books(火)燒毀書籍;(bomb)～bridges(炸彈)炸壞橋梁;Mind you don't～it. 小心別弄壞了?！玸b's chances/sb's career破壞某人的機會/事業(yè);～the relations between.../a country's trade/British economy 對……之間的關(guān)系/一個國家的貿(mào)易/英國的經(jīng)濟造成損害;(book) be～d in the post(書)在郵寄中受到損壞;(car) be～d in the crash(車)在車禍中受到損壞;～d buildings 損壞了的建筑;〖同〗 injure， harm， hurt;〖反〗 improve， repair， mend， better;

→′damaging adj 有損害的;′damageable adj 可(易)損害(壞，毀)的;

【辨異】名詞damage與harm都表示“損害”。damage指對外貌、價值、用途、完好的直接損害;harm(損害，危害)則可指有形的損害，也可指精神上、道德上、心理上的損害，含有遺憾或不幸的意思，如：bodily harm(身體上的損害);harm to one's self-confidence(對自信心的傷害)。