n (1)地面(surface of the earth on which we walk)[C，the～]：get off/lie on/sit on/hit/be back to/fall to the～離開地面/躺在地上/坐在地上/碰地/回到地面/摔倒在地上;set down one's bundle carefully on the～把包裹小心地放在地上;high～高地;at～level 在地平面上;～control(確保飛機(jī)安全飛行的)地面導(dǎo)航人員、系統(tǒng)或設(shè)施;
?(2) 1)土地(land)[U]：buy up/have some～購買/有一些土地;measure/prepare the～well 很好地測量/準(zhǔn)備土地;the disputed～有爭議的地區(qū);a rocky piece of～一塊多巖石的土地; 2)土壤(地)(soil;earth)[U]：solid/marshy/stony～堅(jiān)硬的土地/沼澤地/多石地;The～is dry/frozen. 地干/凍上了。dig into/level the～挖/平整土地; above/below the～地面之上/之下(地上/下);
?(3) 1)場地;……場(piece of land used for a certain purpose)[C](尤用于合成詞)：a sports-/criket/parade-/recreation～運(yùn)動/板球/演兵/娛樂場地;a play～運(yùn)動場;picnic～s 野餐的場所;They had to call off the match as the～was too wet to play on. 他們不得不取消這場比賽，因?yàn)閳龅靥珴翊虿涣饲颉?)用于……的地(水)域 (area of land or sea given over to a purpose)[pl]：fishing/hunting/burial～s 漁場/狩獵場/墓地;
?(4)(附屬于廠房、校舍等周圍的)場地庭園(gardens，lawn，etc，surrounding and belonging to a building，enclosed with walls，hedges or fences)[pl]：college～s 學(xué)院的校園;show sb around the～s 帶某人參觀庭園;The mansion has extensive/pleasant/beautiful～s. 大廈有廣闊/令人愉快/優(yōu)美的庭園。
?(5)范圍，領(lǐng)域(area of knowledge，study，or experience;base for argument) [U] (fig)： cover so much new～in such a short lecture 在如此短的講座中談到這么多方面的新內(nèi)容;(book) go over the same old～(書)談到熟悉的老話題;(sb) be on dangerous/safe～(某人)處境很危險(xiǎn)/安全;(sb) be on fairly familiar～(某人)處于十分熟悉的領(lǐng)域;(friendship) be on shaky～(友誼)處在不牢靠的狀態(tài);find oneself on unfamiliar～發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有不熟悉的境況;Politics is forbidden～.政治屬于話題禁區(qū)。The lecture was familiar～to him.這個講座對他是個熟悉的話題。
?(6)根據(jù)，理由，原因(cause or reason for believing or saying，doing sth)[C，尤pl][N(for)，N+to-inf]：have no～s for doing sth/complaining 沒有理由做某事/抱怨;have no～s to arrest sb 沒有理由逮捕某人;see no～s for complaint/action/anxiety 看不出有任何抱怨/采取行動/焦慮的理由;object to sb on personal～s 因個人原因反對某人retire on medical～因病退休;(sb) be excused on the～s of illness/ill health 某人因生病/身體欠佳被原諒;a～for divorce 離婚的理由;On what～do you say that? 你根據(jù)什么那么說?
?(7)背景，底子(background;the colour on which a pattern is placed)[C]：The plate is decorated with blue patterns on a yellow～. 這個盤子在黃底兒上裝飾有藍(lán)色圖案。
?(8)海(底)(bottom of the sea)[U]：The oil ship touched～.油輪觸到海底。
?(9)渣滓((solid material) in a liquid that sinks to the bottom and is thrown away)[pl]：Throw out the coffee～s. 把咖啡渣滓倒掉。
?break fresh/new ground 有創(chuàng)新，開辟新天地(工作)：break new～with reading lesson/the experiments在閱讀課文方面有創(chuàng)新/用新方法開始這些實(shí)驗(yàn);
?cut the ground under sb's feet 使失敗，拆臺：Paul wanted to be captain but we cut the～under his feet by saying that Henry was the best player on the team. 保羅想當(dāng)隊(duì)長，但我們說亨利是隊(duì)里最優(yōu)秀的運(yùn)動員而使保羅的想法落空。
?gain/make up ground (on sb/sth)取得進(jìn)展：The new political party gained a lot of～in the local election. 這個新政黨在當(dāng)?shù)氐倪x舉中取得了很大進(jìn)展。help sb to gain～on his competitors 幫助某人趕上其競爭者;
?get off the ground 順利地開始：get the campaign off the～將這次運(yùn)動順利推動起來;
?give/lose ground (to sb/sth)后退，失利;被趕上：The ruling party lost～to the other parties in the election. 在選舉中執(zhí)政黨失利于其他黨派。The television programme was rapidly losing～in the ratings. 這個電視節(jié)目在排行榜上的位置正在迅速下降。
?hold/keep/stand one's ground 堅(jiān)持立場(意見)，不讓步(退卻)：Although many were killed，the soldiers held their～. 雖然許多人犧牲了，但士兵們?nèi)匀徊煌藚s。Although many people criticized his theories，he stood his～.(fig)盡管許多人都批評他的理論，他仍堅(jiān)持自己的立場。
?run sb/sth into the ground 過分(度);使……耗盡(疲憊不堪)：run oneself/drive the old truck into the～使自己筋疲力盡/把舊卡車用壞為止;
?shift/change one's ground改變立場(觀點(diǎn))：keep shifting one's～不斷改變自己的立場;
?to the ground(指毀壞，拆除等)全部，完全：The theatre was burned to the～.戲院被大火全部燒毀。
?→′groundless adj 無根據(jù)(理由)的;′groundlessly adv 無根據(jù)(理由)地;′ground-bait n 投到水底的魚餌;′ground-nut n 花生;′ground-plan n 平面圖;′ground-rent n 地租;′groundsheet n 鋪在地面上的防水布;′groundsman n 場地管理員，看守員;′groundwork n 基礎(chǔ)，根基;
?v (1)(使)擱淺(觸海底)((cause a ship to)strike against the sea bottom)[I，I+prep (in/on)，T+n，T+n+prep (in/on)]：(boat)～in shallow water/on the beach(船)在淺水中/海灘上擱淺;(storm)～the ship on a sandbar(風(fēng)暴)使船觸到沙洲上;～one's ship in two metres of water 使船在兩米深的水中擱淺;
?(2)使停飛;強(qiáng)迫停留在地面上(cause (a pilot of a plane，a plane) to stay on the ground and not fly)[T+n，尤pass]：(airraft) be～ed because of bad weather/mechanical defects(飛機(jī))因惡劣天氣/機(jī)械問題而停飛;(aircraft) be～ed by thick fog (飛機(jī))因濃霧而停飛;(pilot) be～ed for misconduct/because of an eye injury(飛行員)因?yàn)^職/眼睛受傷而停止飛行;
?ground in (v prep)給……以良好的教育(基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練)(vt 通常pass)：～oneself/one's pupils thoroughly/well in mathematics 給自己/學(xué)生們在數(shù)學(xué)方面打下全面/良好的基礎(chǔ);The class was well～ed in Latin. 這個班在拉丁文方面接受了良好的訓(xùn)練。
?ground sth on sth 把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)上(vt)：～one's arguments on one's own experiences 根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)提出論點(diǎn);
?→′grounding n 基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練，基礎(chǔ);
?【辨異】ground與cause、reason和motive的區(qū)別見CAUSE。