adj (1)粗糙的，高低不平的(not smooth;uneven)：Her skin/The cloth feels～. 她的皮膚/這塊布摸上去很粗糙?！玥ands/wool/paper 粗糙的雙手/毛織物/紙張;a～path/road 一條高低不平的小路/路;a～wall 一面凹凸不平的墻;We rode over～terrain. 我們在崎嶇的地帶行駛。〖同〗 unsmooth，uneven;〖反〗smooth，even;
?(2)狂暴的，洶涌的，顛簸的((of weather，the sea，a sea voyage) stormy and very windy;not calm)：～weather 狂風(fēng)暴雨的天氣;～seas/waves 洶涌的海浪/波浪;a～wind狂風(fēng);have a～crossing from England to France/flight from London to New York/ride on a camel 在洶涌的波濤中乘船從英國到法國/從倫敦顛簸地飛到紐約/騎駱駝顛簸旅行;The weather has been～this week. 這個星期的天氣一直不好?！纪絭iolent，tough;〖反〗calm，gentle;
?(3)粗暴(魯，野，俗)的((of people，their behaviour，etc)not gentle，polite or careful;uncivil;rude)：～behaviour/manners 粗暴的行為/態(tài)度;～words 粗俗的話語;a～push/game/sport 粗野的一推/游戲/運動;a～diamond/fellow 一塊未加工的金剛石;一個外粗內(nèi)秀的人/粗俗的人;be given a～handling 受到粗暴的對待;Don't be so～with her/these toys. 別那么粗暴地對待她/不要那樣不愛惜地擺弄那些玩具。have a～tongue/temper 說話粗魯/火暴的脾氣;a～humour 一個粗俗的笑話;～kindness 粗魯而友善;the～area/quarter of the town 城里秩序極亂的地區(qū)/地區(qū);〖同〗rude，violent;〖反〗polite，civil;
?(4)粗略的，大概的，初步的(not complete or exact;approximate)[無comp]：a～draft/sketch/drawing/translation/outline/calculation/idea/plan 草稿/草圖/草圖/草草的譯文/粗略的提綱/粗略的計算/初步的想法/初步的計劃;～justice 大致公平合理;This estimate is very～. 這個估計僅僅是初步的。〖同〗crude，inexact，approximate;〖反〗exact，elaborated，complete;
?(5)(聲音，味道)剌耳(鼻，激)的;沙啞的;難吃的(harsh to the ear，or taste;(of food)coarse)：a～voice/sound粗啞的嗓音/刺耳的聲音;a～wine/meal 一種難喝的酒/一頓便飯;This machine sounds～─ Let's have it checked. 這臺機器的聲音聽上去不對──讓我們檢查一下。
?(6)倒霉的，艱難的，難熬的(unfortunate;unpleasant and difficult to bear;ill)：have a～time/life 過得/生活得艱難;Her father's death gave her a really～time. 她父親的去世使她受了很多累。What～luck/work! 多倒霉的運氣/艱苦的工作! the～est test one ever took某人所參加過的最難的考試;He felt a bit～after an evening of heavy drinking. 喝了一晚上酒，他覺得有點難受。That's a bit～. 那多倒霉?！纪絟ard，difficult，tough;〖反〗comfortable，pleasant;
?be rough on sb (infml) 1)(對某人)粗暴苛刻：His father is～on him. 他父親對他很粗暴。 2)(對某人)不幸：It's～on her to have/having to stay behind when her parents go abroad. 她太不幸了，父母去了國外，而她不得不留在國內(nèi)。
?rough and ready 1)簡陋但還可以：She gave us a～and ready meal. 她為我們提供了一頓簡單但還能吃飽的飯菜。2)和藹但不注意禮貌：He is(a)rather～and ready(man)，but you'll like him. 他人好但不拘禮節(jié)，可你會喜歡他的。
?→′roughly adv 粗暴(魯)地;大約(概);′roughness n 粗糙(略、魯);′roughen v(使)變粗(毛)糙;′roughneck n 粗魯?shù)娜?，無賴;石油鉆井工，石油工人;
?adv (1)粗暴(魯)地(roughly;in a rough way)：play～(比賽等)動作粗野;
?(2)簡陋地 (in simple living conditions)： sleep/live～戶外露宿/風(fēng)餐露宿;
?cut up rough 發(fā)怒(脾氣) (infml)： After she knew what her son had done，Mary cut up～. 瑪麗知道她兒子所做的事后，大發(fā)脾氣。
?→′roughcast n(涂墻的)粗灰泥;′rough-hewn adj 毛坯的;粗鑿成的;
?n (1)高低不平的地面，(高爾夫球場的)深草區(qū)(uneven or uncultivated ground，especially on a golf course)[U，the～]：I lost my ball in the～.(高爾夫球比賽時)我在深草區(qū)丟失了一球。a lot of～大片青草叢生的地面;
?(2)草圖(樣、稿)(drawing，writing etc that is still rough)[C]：a pile of～s 一堆草圖(稿);He is looking for the～s for the project. 他在找那項工程的草圖(稿)。the～s for a new book 一本新書的草稿;
?(3)暴徒，流氓等(disorderly and noisy person who often behaves in a violent way)[C](infml)：a gang of～s 一伙暴徒;a crowd of young～s 一群小流氓;
?in rough 粗(大)略地：I've written the essay out in～，but I haven't copy it. 我的論文草稿已經(jīng)寫好了，但還沒有謄寫。
?in the rough(藝術(shù)品)處于未完成的狀態(tài)：My new statue is in the～. 我新創(chuàng)作的雕塑還只是毛坯。
?take the rough with the smooth 好壞都要承(接)受：We must take the～with the smooth in life. 在生活中我們必須既能享受也能吃苦。
?vt 使變粗糙(make rough;roughen) [T+n]：Hard work～ed his hands. 艱苦的工作使他的雙手變得粗糙。
?rough it 過簡陋不舒服的生活(infml)：If you go camping you'll have to～it. 如果你要野營，就要將就點。
?rough in (v adv)勾畫出(輪廓)(vt)：I've just～ed in trees and buildings. 我剛勾畫出樹和房子的輪廓。
?rough out(v adv)畫出草圖，粗略地計劃(vt)：I've～ed out some arrangements for the move tomorrow. 我粗略地安排了明天的行程。
?rough up (v adv) 1)粗暴地對待(vt)(infml)：Three boys～ed up a player on the visiting team. 有三個男孩粗暴地對待客隊的一個隊員。2)弄亂(vt)：The boy～ed up his bed to make his mother think that he had slept in it. 那個男孩弄亂了床鋪，好讓他母親以為他在床上睡過。
?→′roughage n 粗飼料;粗糙食物