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n (1)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)(military fight between nations or groups within a nation)[U]：the horrors/outbreak/art of～戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的恐怖/爆發(fā)/藝術(shù);the seat/theatre of～戰(zhàn)場(chǎng); a prisoner of～戰(zhàn)俘;an act of～戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)行為;a declaration of～宣戰(zhàn); declare～on a country 向一個(gè)國(guó)家宣戰(zhàn);prepare for/avoid～ 為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)作準(zhǔn)備/避免戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng); Peace isn't just the absence of～. 和平并不僅僅是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的平息。There are no winners in nuclear～. 在核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中沒有贏家。Soldiers are trained for～. 為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)訓(xùn)練士兵。a～memorial/grave/hero 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)紀(jì)念碑/墓地/英雄;a～veteran 經(jīng)歷過戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的老兵;a～poet 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)詩(shī)人;They did a lot in the～years. 他們?cè)趹?zhàn)爭(zhēng)年代做了許多工作。〖同〗 fighting， battle，combat;〖反〗 peace，neutrality，armistice;

(2)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間(instance or period of a military fight between countries or states)[C]： a civil～內(nèi)戰(zhàn); the cold～冷戰(zhàn); in the First/Second World W～在第一/二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間; bring on a～引起戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng);put an end to a～結(jié)束一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng); in the～against Britain 在反對(duì)英國(guó)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中; Italy entered the～on the side of Germany. 意大利站在德國(guó)一方參戰(zhàn)。If a～breaks out，the people will suffer most. 一旦爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，最遭殃的是人民。fight/serve in both World W～s 參加兩次世界大戰(zhàn); start/unleash/provoke/win/end/lose a～開始/發(fā)動(dòng)/挑起/贏得/結(jié)束/輸?shù)粢粓?chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng); the American W～of Independence 美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng); the Opium W～鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng); a～of attrition 消耗戰(zhàn); an aggressive/unjust/unpopular～ 侵略/非正義/不得人心的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng); a conventional/guerrilla/just/nuclear～ 常規(guī)戰(zhàn)/游擊戰(zhàn)/正義之戰(zhàn)/核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng); a defensive～ 防御戰(zhàn); an offensive～ 進(jìn)攻戰(zhàn); star～s 星球大戰(zhàn);〖同〗fight，battle，combat;〖反〗 peace，peacetime;

(3)沖突，對(duì)抗(conflict or dispute between people or groups)[C，U]： a trade/newspaper circulation/tariff/racial/religious～貿(mào)易/報(bào)紙發(fā)行/關(guān)稅/種族/宗教沖突;a fare～among airlines 航空公司之間的價(jià)格之戰(zhàn);the oil-price～石油價(jià)格大戰(zhàn);〖同〗conflict，struggle，hostility，opposition;〖反〗 peace，agreement;

(4)斗爭(zhēng)(struggle between groups of people or campaign against sth)[U，a～][N(against)]：a～against disease/poverty/cancer/corruption 反對(duì)疾病/貧困/癌癥/腐敗的斗爭(zhēng); Much progress has been made in the～against drug smuggling. 打擊販毒走私的斗爭(zhēng)進(jìn)展很大。declare～on crime/drunkenness/inflation/poor grammar 向罪惡/酗酒/通貨膨脹/文理不通宣戰(zhàn);The administration is planning a new～on drugs. 當(dāng)局正在部署一場(chǎng)圍剿毒品的新戰(zhàn)斗。a～of elimination of rats 滅鼠運(yùn)動(dòng);〖同〗 struggle，fight，battle，combat;〖反〗peace，agreement;

at war 處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)：Germany was at～with almost all countries in the world. 德國(guó)幾乎同世界所有的國(guó)家處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)。

go to war 開戰(zhàn)： The King decided to go to～against his neighbour. 國(guó)王決定向其鄰國(guó)開戰(zhàn)。

have been in the wars (打架)受過傷;受過虐待(infml)：You look as though you've been in the～s. 你看上去好像跟人打架了吧。

make/wage war on 向……開戰(zhàn)：The Allies made/waged～on Hitler. 同盟國(guó)向希特勒開戰(zhàn)。make(wage)～on crime/pollution/poverty 與犯罪/污染/貧困作斗爭(zhēng);

a war of nerves 心理戰(zhàn)：All games of chess are a～of nerves. 所有的棋類游戲都是心理戰(zhàn)。

a war of words 舌(筆)戰(zhàn)： The two oppositions carried a～of words on the present economic policy. 兩個(gè)對(duì)立黨派對(duì)現(xiàn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)政策展開了舌戰(zhàn)。

→′war-cry n 戰(zhàn)斗(競(jìng)爭(zhēng))口號(hào);′war-dance n 戰(zhàn)舞;′warfare n 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，沖突;′war-game n 作戰(zhàn)(游戲);地圖、沙盤等上的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)演習(xí);′warhead n 導(dǎo)彈或魚雷的彈頭;′war-horse n 戰(zhàn)馬;′warlike adj 好戰(zhàn)的;′war-lord n 軍閥;′warmonger n 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)販子;′war-paint n(原始部落戰(zhàn)士)出戰(zhàn)前涂于身上的顏料;化妝品;′warship n 軍艦;′wartime n 戰(zhàn)時(shí);′war-weary adj 厭戰(zhàn)的;

vi (1)進(jìn)行交戰(zhàn)(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))(engage in a military fight)[I](舊用法)：India and Pakistan～red in 1965 over Kashmir. 印度與巴基斯坦因克什米爾問題于1965年交戰(zhàn)。These two tribes have been～ring constantly for generations. 這兩個(gè)部落之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)持續(xù)了幾代人?！玶ing tribes 交戰(zhàn)的部落;～for national independence/the control of the Pacific 為民族獨(dú)立/控制太平洋而戰(zhàn);〖同〗fight，battle，combat;

(2)斗爭(zhēng)，沖突(be in active or vigorous conflict)[I+prep(against/on)]：～against illness/tyrants/injustice/vice/evil 與疾病/暴君/不公正/罪惡/邪惡作斗爭(zhēng);～on alcohol/corruption practice 同酗酒/舞弊行賄作斗爭(zhēng);We've been～ring with the neighbours about who should mend the fence. 我們就誰(shuí)應(yīng)該修復(fù)籬笆的問題一直與鄰居對(duì)峙著。The temptation～red with his conscience. 誘惑與他的良心進(jìn)行較量?！纪絚ontend，struggle，clash，attack