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| 詞匯 | by |
| 釋義 | by2 /bai; bai/ prep .1 near; at or to the side of; beside: 靠近; 在…近旁; 在…旁邊; 向…旁邊 . Come and sit by me/by my side. 來坐在空的旁邊。 My house is by the river. 企的家在河邊。 We had a day by the sea. 我們在海邊逼了一吏 by oneself, alone: . 獨自地： He went for a holiday (all) by himself. 他獨自一人去度假。 O 12 below. 參看下列第 12 義。 have sth by one, have it handy, within easy reach: 手邊有某物; 把某物放在伸手可及處：五 's useful to have a good dictionary by you when you're reading. 當(dāng)你在讀書的時候, 手邊放一本好字典是很有用的。 stand by sb, support him. 支持某人。 2 (in reading the cardinal points) towards: (另位讀法) 偏向： North by East, one point towards the East from the North, ie between N and NNE: 正北偏東(即介于正北與北北東之間)： East by North, one point North of East, ie between E and ENE. T 東偏北(即介于正東與東北東之間)。 the illus at compass. 參看 compass 之插圓。 3 (showing direction of movement) (= by way of) through, along, across, over: (表示移動的方向)通過; 沿; 橫過; 越過： We came by the fields, not by the roads. 我們經(jīng)由田間而來，不是由大路而來。 Did you come by the nearest road? 你是由最近的路來的嗎? We travelled to Paris by Dover and Calais. 我們經(jīng)由多佛與加來而到巴黎。 4 past: 經(jīng)過： I go by (=I pass) the post office every morning on my way to work. 我每天早晨上班都經(jīng)論郵局。 He walked by me without speaking. 他從我身旁走過沒有說話。 5 (of time, esp to indicate conditions and circumstances) during: (指時間，尤表示情況和環(huán)境)在…期間： The enemy attacked by night. 敵人乘夜簡來襲。 (emphasizing the circumstances—under cover of darkness, etc. 強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境一在黑暗等的掩護(hù)下。 Cf 參較 Everything was quiet during the night. 在夜間一切都是寂靜的。) Do you prefer travelling by night or by day? 你喜歡在夜間旅行，還是白天旅行？' We went for a .sail on the lake by moonlight. 我們在月光下去湖上泛舟。 h's no use trying to escape by daylight. 在白善想逃跑是辦不到的。 6 (of time) as soon as; not later than; when (the time indicated) comes: (指時間)一到; 不遲于; 當(dāng)(某時候)到了： Can you finish the work by tomorrow? 你能在明天以前把工作做完嗎? He ought to be here by this time / by now. 他此刻(現(xiàn)在)應(yīng)該已經(jīng)來到這里了。 They were tired out by evening. 他們到晚上疲倦極了。 By the time (that) you get there (that is almost always omitted) it will be dark. 等到你到達(dá)那里的時候，天會黑了 (此種用法的 that 幾乎總被告略) 。 7 (to form adverbial phrases of time, length, weight, number) : (形成房間、長度、重量、數(shù) 1 日等之副詞片語)： rent a house by the year; 按年租屋; hire a bicycle by the day, eg ￡5 for one day's use; 按日租腳踏車 (例如: 每日五 鎊); engage a clerk by the month; 按月雇請辦事員; pa a labourer by the day/the hour; 按日 (按小時) 件工人工資; sell cloth by the yard/coal by the ton/eggs by the dozen, etc; 論碼資布 (論噸資煤; 論打資蛋等); freight charged by weight/volume; 按重量 (體積) 算運費的 (裝在車船上的) 貨物; room 20 ft by 30 ft. 長二十呎寬三十與的庁間。 8 through the agency, means, or instrumentality of: 由于…之作用、方法或工具; 借著; 由; 被： The streets are lighted by electricity. 街道用電照明。 This church was designed by Wren. 這座教堂是列恩設(shè)計的。 He makes a living by teaching. 他飾教書為生。 He was shot by a sniper. 他被狙擊兵擊斃。 The man was killed by a falling tree/ by lightning. 那人被倒下來的樹打死 (被閃電殛斃) 。 (Note that by lightning is instrumentality, not instrument. 注意：磚電' 系一種作用，非工具。 Cf 參較 The rat was killed by Tom with a stick. 那只老鼠被湯姆用根打死?！?with ⑶ .) 9 (indicating path or means of travel, transport, conveyance) : (表示旅行、運輸?shù)戎肪€、工貝或方法)： travel by land/sea/ air; it] 陸路 (水路、航空) 旅行; by bus/car/boat, etc; 乘公共汽車 (汽車、船等); send sth by post/hand. 山郵局 (專差) 遞送某物。 10 (indicating a part of the body that is touched, etc) : (表被接觸等的身體之一部份)： take sb by the hand, ie take his hand; 抓著某人的手; seize sb by the hair; 抓住某人的頭發(fā); grab sb by the scruff of his neck. 抓住某人的頸背。 11 know/learn sth by heart, so that one can repeat it from memory. 諳記某事; 牢記在心; 能背出。 know sb by name/reputation/sight, know only his name, etc but not know him personally. 只知道某人的姓名 (名聲，僅識某人之面) 。 12 (in adverbial phrases of manner) (用于表示方式或態(tài)度之副詞片語初： by accident/mistake, accidentally, not on purpose or intentionally. 由于意外 (錯誤); 非有意。 by chance/good fortune, as the result of chance or good fortune. 由于機(jī)遇 (幸運) 。 by oneself, without help. 親自; 癡自; 無他人幫助。 above. 參看上列第 1 義。 13 in accordance with; in agreement with: 根據(jù); 依照： by request of my employer; 由于我的雇主的請求; by your leave, with your permission; 如果你許可的話; 請原諒; 恕我冒昧; 切 (the terms of) Article 3 of the Treaty. 根據(jù)條約之第 3 條 (之條攵) 。 14 according to: 根據(jù); 依據(jù); 按： judging by appearances; 就外表而論; by rights, rightly. 合疽地; 正當(dāng)?shù)? 正確地。 By my watch it is 2 o'clock. 按我的表，現(xiàn)在是兩點鐘。 That's nothing to go by. One should not form judgements by that. 那是不可作為根據(jù)遽下斷語的。 15 to the extent of: 至…之程度： The bullet missed me by two inches. 那槍彈差兩吋就擊中我。 It needs to be longer by two feet. 它需要再 兩呎。 He's too clever by half, much too smart. 他實在太聰明了。 → farJ (2). 16 (in oaths) as surely as I believe in: (用于誓營中) 如我對于伽信仰一樣地確然： I swear by Almighty God that.... 我構(gòu)全能而就發(fā)誓…。 He swore by all that he held sacred that.... 他對著他所崇奉為神圣的一切發(fā)誓 …。 17 (to express square or cubic measurement) : (表示平方或立方的度量)： a carpet 30 metres by 20 metres. 二十公尺長二十公尺寬的地毯。 18 (arith) (to express division, = divided by): (V 術(shù)) (表示除)： 15 by 3 is/equals 5. 15 除以 3 等于 5。 |
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