·民國天津市政府

1928年，蔣介石聯(lián)合地方實(shí)力派閻錫山、李宗仁、馮玉祥等，興兵北伐，擊敗當(dāng)時(shí)控制北京政府的奉系軍閥張作霖，結(jié)束了北洋軍閥的統(tǒng)治。天津被閻錫山的國民革命軍第三集團(tuán)軍占領(lǐng)。1928年6月20日，改直隸省為河北省。南京國民政府根據(jù)《行政法》,在天津原城廂及其周圍地區(qū)設(shè)立“天津特別市” ,同時(shí)設(shè)立“特別市政府” ,這是天津設(shè)市之始。
1930年6月，依照市組織法規(guī)定，天津特別市改為天津市，直屬南京國民政府行政院管轄，天津特別市政府改稱天津市政府。是年11月，因河北省省會(huì)由北平遷至天津，天津市改為河北省省轄市。1935年6月，河北省省會(huì)遷往保定，天津又成為國民政府行政院的直轄市。從表面上看，全國已統(tǒng)一由南京國民政府管轄，實(shí)際上華北地區(qū)(包括天津)先后由閻錫山、馮玉祥，以及東北的張學(xué)良所控制。
天津特別市 (天津市)政府，內(nèi)設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)有：參事室、設(shè)計(jì)委員會(huì)、秘書處、技術(shù)室、市政傳習(xí)所、自治事務(wù)監(jiān)理處。下設(shè)社會(huì)、公安、財(cái)政、工務(wù)、教育、衛(wèi)生、土地、港務(wù)等8個(gè)局。后撤銷港務(wù)局，業(yè)務(wù)并入工務(wù)局； 1931年撤銷土地局，業(yè)務(wù)歸并財(cái)政局； 衛(wèi)生局先并入教育局，隨即又將衛(wèi)生業(yè)務(wù)收歸市政府，建立衛(wèi)生事務(wù)室，5年后復(fù)設(shè)衛(wèi)生局； 1933年公安局改為省轄，2年后又歸市轄； 1936年撤銷教育局，旋即又恢復(fù)。
天津建市后，市縣沒有劃界，雖然縣的建制還存在，但是形同虛設(shè)，沒有轄境。天津市將天津縣下屬區(qū)劃沿襲下來，只將原來的東、南、西、北、中5個(gè)警區(qū)，改稱為公安一、二、三、四、五區(qū)，原4個(gè)鄉(xiāng)區(qū)依然保留； 將收回的德、奧、俄3個(gè)租界，改稱特別一、二、三區(qū)；1931年比租界收回后，增設(shè)特別第四區(qū)。1934年市縣劃界，4個(gè)鄉(xiāng)區(qū)移交天津縣政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。此外的英、法、日、意4國租界，享受治外法權(quán)，市政府不能管理。
按規(guī)定，天津特別市(天津市)市長，應(yīng)由國民政府行政院任命。但實(shí)際上分別由晉軍閻錫山和東北軍張學(xué)良、西北軍宋哲元委派，而行政院只辦理手續(xù)。因此，市長更換頻繁，從1928年到1937年9年間，更換了12人，平均每人任職9個(gè)月，最長的只有一年，最短的僅有一個(gè)月?？箲?zhàn)勝利后，從1945年到1949年，有兩任市長。

津特別市(天津市)市長名錄
(1928—1937年，1945—1949年)

姓名	任職年月	籍貫	備注
南桂馨	1928.6—9	山西寧武縣
崔廷獻(xiàn)	1928.9—1930.10	山西壽陽縣
臧啟芳	1930.10—1931.4	遼寧蓋平縣
張學(xué)銘	1931.4—10	遼寧海城縣
周龍光	1931.10—1932.12	安徽定遠(yuǎn)縣
于學(xué)忠	1932.12—1933.8	山東蓬萊縣	河北省主席兼
王韜	1933.9—1934.10	山東福山縣
張廷諤	1934.10—1935.6	河北豐潤縣
王克敏	1935.6.4	浙江杭縣	因故未就職，由商震兼代
商震	1935.6—7	浙江紹興縣	河北省主席兼代
程克	1935.7—11	河南開封市
肖振瀛	1935.11—1936.8	吉林扶余縣
張自忠	1936.8—1937.7	山東臨清縣
張廷諤	1945.10—1946.11	河北豐潤縣
杜建時(shí)	1946.10—1949.1	河北武清縣

In 1928,Chiang Kai-shek,in association with powerfulwarlords Yan Xishan,Li Zongren and Feng Yuxiang,launched the northern expedition. They beat down FengWarlord Zhang Zuolin-controlled Beijing Government andended the reign of Northern warlords. Tianjin was occupiedby the Third Group Army of National Revolution Army. OnJune 20,1928,Zhili changed its name to Hebei Province.According to the Republic of China`s Administration Law,Tianjin Special City covered the downtown of originalTianjin and its suburbs,which was governed by TianjinSpecial Government. This was the beginning of Tianjin asa city.
In June,1930,Tianjin Special City was renamedas Tianjin City within the domination of Nanjing StateCouncil. Accordingly,Tianjin Special Government wasrenamed Tianjin Government. In December,the capital ofHebei Province moved from Beijing to Tianjin. In June,1935,its capital was relocated to Baoding; Tianjin becamethe capital city of the State Council. In appearance,NorthChina (including Tianjin) was under the governance ofthe Republic of China. Actually,it was controlled by YanXishan,Feng Yuxiang and Zhang Xueliang.
The inner organizations of Tianjin SpecialGovernment were: Counselor`s Office,Design Committee,Secretary Section,Technology Office,City GovernancePromotion Office,and self governance section. It had eightbureaus of society,police,finance,industry,education,healthcare,earth,and harbor. The Harbor Bureau wascancelled later and merged into Industrial Bureau. In1931,the Earth Bureau was cancelled and merged intothe Financial Bureau. The Healthcare Bureau was mergedinto the Education Bureau,Later,the power of healthcarebelonged to the Healthcare Office of Tianjin Government.Five years later,the Healthcare Bureau was set up again. In1933,the Police Bureau was led directly by the ProvincialGovernment. Two years later,it was governed by TianjinGovernment again. In 1936,the Education Bureau wascancelled but restored shortly.
Although Tianjin was a city,its counties were notclear about their dominations. Tianjin city inherited thedivision of Tianjin County. Its eastern,southern,northern,and middle police areas were changed to be the first,second,third,fourth and fifth police areas The original fourtown areas remained. The returned Germany,Australian,and Russian concessions were called the special first,second and third areas. When the Belgium concession wasreturned,it was named the special fourth area. In 1934,the borders of the counties were demarcated. The fourtowns were ruled by Tianjin County Government. Theconcessions of UK,France,Japan and Austria were out ofTianjin Government`s rule.
It was stipulated that the mayor of Tianjin (Special)City was appointed by the State Council of the Republicof China. Actually,they were appointed by Yan Xishan,Zhang Xueliang and Song Zheyuan. The State Council wasonly responsible for the registration. The mayors changedfrequently. From 1928 to 1937,there were 12 mayors. Theaverage duration of them was 9 months. The longest wasone year,and the shortest,only one month. From 1945 to1949,there were two mayors.

Namelist of the Mayors of Tianjin(Special)City
(1928-1937 ,1945-1949)

Name	Period	Native Place	Note
Nan Guixi	June-Sep,1928	Ningwu,Shangxi
Cui Tingxian	Sep.1928-Oct,1930	Shouyang,Shanxi
Zang Qifang	Oct,1930-April,1931	Gaiping,Liaoning
Zhang Xueming	April-Oct,1931	Haicheng,Liaoning	Also,Chairman of Heibei
Zhou Longguang	Oct,1931-Dec,1932	Dingyuan,Anhui
Yu Xuezhong	Dec,1932-Aug,1933	Penglai,shandong
Wang Tao	Sep,1933-Oct,1934	Fushan,Shandong
Zhang Ting`e	Oct,1934-June,1935	Fengrun,Hebei
Wang Kemin	June 4,1935		Did not take position Acted by Shang Zhen
Shang Zhen	June-July,1935	Shangxing,zhejiang
ChengKe	July-Nov,1935	Kaifeng,Henan
Xiao Zhenying	Nov,1935-Aug,1936	Fuyu,Jilin
Zhang Zizhong	Aug,1936-July,1937	Linqing,Shandong
Zhang Ting`e	Oct,1945-Nov,1946	Fengrun,Hebei
Du Jianshi	Nov,1946-Jan,1949		Also Chairman Of Hebei