n (1) 背，后背 (rear part of the body of a human or animal between the neck and the legs) [C]：be/lie/fall/carry sth on one's～仰面躺著/仰面躺著/仰面朝天跌倒/背著某物;fasten/put a saddle on a horse's ～把鞍子系/放在馬背上;
?(2) 背部(面)，后部(面)，反面 (part or surface of anything that is furthest from the front or opposite to the front) [C]：the～of one's hand/one's fist/one's head/a shirt/an envelop/a letter/a record/a cheque手/拳頭/頭/襯衣/信封/信/唱片/支票的背(反)面;the～of a knife刀背;the seat in(at) the～of the hall/the car 大廳/車子的后排座位;the garden at the～of the house/the theatre/the cinema 房子/劇院/電影院后面的花園;at the～of the class/the aircraft/the dictionary 在班級(jí)/飛機(jī)/字典的后部;〖同〗rear;〖反〗front;
?(3) 椅背 (part of a chair that one leans against when sitting) [C]：She cries，bending over the～of her chair. 她伏在椅背上哭著。
?(4) (足球等的)后衛(wèi) (player or position that defends the area to the left or right near the team's own goal) [C，U]：play～擔(dān)任后衛(wèi);be one of the～s 是后衛(wèi)(球員)之一;〖反〗forward;
?back to back 背靠背：stand～to～背靠背站立;
?back to front 背向前(反著)：Her sweater is on back to front. 她的毛衣前后穿反了。
?behind sb's back 背地里：It's not right to criticize a person behind his～. 背后批評(píng)人是不對(duì)的。
?at one's back 支持(贊助)某人：He knows that he has the President at his～.他知道他有總統(tǒng)的支持。
?on one's back 臥病在床(infml)：He was(flat) on his～for three months.他臥病在床三個(gè)月。
?be glad， pleased， etc to see the back of sb/sth 高興見(jiàn)到某人離去(不再見(jiàn)到某人) (infml)：He is such a bore， I'd like to see the～of him.他很令人討厭， 我不想再見(jiàn)到他。
?break the back of sth 完成較大(難)的部分：We'll break the～of the work by tonight. 我們今晚將完成這件工作的大部分。
?get/put sb's back up使生氣(infml)：His crude manner put my～up. 他粗魯?shù)呐e止令我生氣。He put my～up with his boast-ing. 他的自吹自擂令我生氣。
?have/with one's back to the wall 處境不妙， 得背水一戰(zhàn)(infml)：The team had their～s to the wall in the second half.這個(gè)隊(duì)后半場(chǎng)形勢(shì)不妙。
?know sth like the back of one's hand 對(duì)……了如指掌(infml)：The taxi driver knows the city like the～of his hand.那個(gè)出租車司機(jī)對(duì)這座城市了如指掌。
?put one's back into sth 非常賣力地工作：He really put his～into making the business profitable. 他真是拼命地干，要讓生意賺錢。
?turn one's back on sb/sth不理睬;拋棄：He turned his～on his friends when they needed help. 朋友們需要幫助時(shí)他置之不理。
?→′backache n 背痛;′backbone n 脊柱骨;支柱;′back-breaking adj 費(fèi)力的;′backpack n 旅行背包;′backrest n 靠背;′backscratcher n 癢癢撓;′backstroke n 仰泳;
?adj (1) 后面的 (that is behind sth) [作attrib]：a～garden/yard/door/seat/teeth/leg 后花園/院/門/座/牙/腿;〖同〗rear;〖反〗front;
?(2) 舊的，過(guò)期的 (earlier than the last one) [作attrib]：a～number(issue/copy)of a magazine/a newspaper 一份(期/本)過(guò)期的雜志/報(bào)紙;～files 舊卷宗;〖同〗past;
?(3) 拖欠的，逾期未付的 (still owned from before)[作attrib]：～pay/rent/taxes 積欠的薪金/租金/稅款;〖同〗overdue;
?(4) 早已過(guò)去的 (of an early past)[作attrib]：The war is all～history now. 那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)現(xiàn)在已成為歷史。
?by/through the back door 走后門：He got the job by the～door. 他走后門得到了那個(gè)工作。
?→′backcloth n (舞臺(tái))背景;′backdrop n (舞臺(tái))背景;′backhand n 反手擊球;′backhander n 賄賂;′backlist n 重版書目;′backlog n 積壓的工作;?back′room n 樓房后的耳房;′backside n 臀部;′backstage adv 在后臺(tái);′backwater n 死水;窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤;′backwoods n 偏僻的森林地區(qū);偏遠(yuǎn)的荒涼地區(qū);?back′yard n 后院;
?adv (與動(dòng)詞連用) (1) 向(在)后面 (towards or at the back of sth; away from the front or centre of sth)：sit/stand/lie/move/jump/step/walk/get/look/point～向后坐/站/躺/移動(dòng)/跳/邁/走/去/看/指;keep～from sb/sth 離開點(diǎn)……;tie one's hands/comb one's hair/press the enemy/pull a car～把手捆在/頭發(fā)梳向/敵人逼向/車?yán)蚝竺?The cottage stood～from the road. 那農(nóng)舍離路有一小段距離。
?(2) 處于(回復(fù))原處(狀) (to or at an earlier position， condition or stage)：be/go/come/fly/run/drive/hurry～(to somewhere) (from somewhere) (從某處)回來(lái)/回去/回來(lái)/飛回/跑回/駕車回/匆忙回(到某處);take/carry/send/call/put/give/buy/have sth～拿/帶/送/叫/放/給/買/要回;ten pages～in a book 書往回翻10頁(yè)的地方;be～from one's holiday 度假歸來(lái);be～in power 重新執(zhí)政;want sb～as president 想讓某人再當(dāng)總統(tǒng);welcome～to...歡迎回到……;go～to one's old habits 又恢復(fù)了舊習(xí)慣;
?(3) 回復(fù)(報(bào)) (in return; in response to)：write/call/ring/answer/fight/hit～寫回信/回電話/回電話/頂嘴/還擊/回?fù)?smile～同樣一笑(作為回答);pay～the money borrowed 還借的錢;
?(4) 以前 (in or to the past)(infml)：meet sb 2 years/a few days～兩年/幾天前遇見(jiàn)某人;far～in the Middle Ages/in the 15th century/in ancient times/in 1940 遠(yuǎn)在中世紀(jì)/15世紀(jì)/古時(shí)候/1940年時(shí);The custom goes～to the 17th century. 這種習(xí)俗是17世紀(jì)時(shí)的事。look～on one's youth 回顧青年時(shí)代;think～to one's childhood 回憶孩童時(shí)代;
?(5) 控制 (under control)：hold/keep one's tears～忍住眼淚;hold/keep the crowds～把人群擋回去;
?(6)耽擱，延緩 (in a delayed condition)：His bad health has kept/held him～at school. 身體不好使他耽誤了學(xué)業(yè)。The rains set the construction job～many days.連綿不斷的雨使建筑工程推遲了許多天。put one's holidays～a week 把度假推遲一周;
?(7) 往回?fù)?鐘) ((of a clock or watch) so as to show an earlier time)：put a clock/a watch～an hour 把鐘/表?yè)苈恍r(shí);
?back and forth 來(lái)回(往返)地：The chair is rocking～and forth. 椅子來(lái)回?fù)u晃。
?→′backbite vi 背后誹謗;′backchat，AmE ′backtalk n 反唇相譏;′backcomb vt 往后梳;′backdate vt 回溯;′backfire vi 發(fā)生意外;′back-formation n 逆向構(gòu)詞(法);′back-lash n 強(qiáng)烈的反響;′backslide vi 退步;′backspace vi (打字機(jī))退格;′backtrack vi 走回頭路;′backwash n 水倒流;(不愉快的)反響;
?v (1) (使)后退((cause to) move backwards)[I， I+prep(into/out of)， I+adv， T+n， T+n+prep(into/out of)，T+n+adv]：～(a car/a horse) (out of/into/through the gate) (使車/馬)退(出/進(jìn)/過(guò)大門);～(a car) away from the house/onto a road (把車)倒離房子/到路上;(police)～the crowd into a corner (警察)把人群逼退到一個(gè)角落;The boy～ed away from the horse in terror.男孩恐懼地后退著躲開馬。〖同〗retreat;〖反〗advance;
?(2) 幫助，支持，資助 (give help or support to， often with money) [T+n]：～a candidate/a plan/the government 支持候選人/計(jì)劃/政府;～a film為一部電影出資;Will you～me against the others? 你愿意支持我而反對(duì)別人嗎? A majority of voters～ed him.大多數(shù)投票者支持他。〖同〗help， assist，aid，support;〖反〗oppose;
?(3) 下賭注于(賽車/狗) (bet on the success of (a horse or dog in a race)) [T+n]：～a horse/the winner (heavily)下(大)賭注于一匹馬/獲勝者;I～ed his horse to win but it lost. 我下賭注于他的馬指望能贏，但輸了。
?(4) 加襯背(里) (put sth on the back of sth; line the inside of) [T+n， T+n+prep (with)尤pass]：～a picture with a sheet of cardboard 給畫的背面襯上硬紙板;The photograph was～ed with cardboard.照片襯了硬紙板。The dress was～ed with silk.衣服襯了綢里子。curtains～ed with a plastic material 襯有塑料的窗簾;
?(5) 在背面簽字以保證 (write and sign a promise of payment on the back) [T+n]：～a bill/a note 在賬單/便條背面簽字;
?(6)背朝(靠)著 (face sth at the back) [I+prep(on/onto)，T+n]：The hotel～s (on/onto) the river. 旅店背靠著一條河。
?back down (AmE back off) (v adv) 放棄，讓步，承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤 (vi)：There was a fight because neither side was willing to～down. 打起來(lái)了，因?yàn)殡p方都不愿意讓步。
?back out (v adv) 不履行(諾言、合同等);改主意 (vi)：He～ed out at the last moment. 他在最后關(guān)頭打了退堂鼓。
?back up (v adv) 支持(vi)：If you propose it， I'll～you up.你要是提出這個(gè)建議，我支持你。
?→′backer n 支持者;贊助人;′backing n 支持，幫助;襯里;給歌手的伴奏;′back-up n 支持;備用抄本;
?【辨異】由back構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)back of和in back of與behind的區(qū)別見(jiàn)BEHIND。