·周 (盛傳)公祠

小站練兵是上自清光緒元年 (1875),淮軍著名將領(lǐng)周盛傳率領(lǐng)盛字軍在小站練兵，下至1920年，段祺瑞在小站訓(xùn)練的振武軍被遣散，近半個(gè)世紀(jì)的一段史實(shí)。
周盛傳所統(tǒng)盛字軍 (簡(jiǎn)稱盛軍),俗稱老盛軍，原為李鴻章的撫標(biāo)親兵，從咸豐三年(1853)到同治九年(1870),轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)于江蘇、河南、安徽、山東、河北、陜西等地，完成了清廷鎮(zhèn)壓太平軍、捻軍、回民起義軍的多次使命，是李鴻章所部各路淮軍中的主力。
同治九年 (1870)秋，直隸總督兼北洋大臣李鴻章，調(diào)周盛傳為天津鎮(zhèn)總兵，帥盛軍屯衛(wèi)畿輔； 轉(zhuǎn)年，盛軍移駐青縣馬廠； 同治十二年(1873),盛軍修建新城炮臺(tái)，為了往來(lái)方便，于馬廠至新城之間，鋪墊了馬(廠)新(城)大道，長(zhǎng)140華里，沿大道設(shè)立驛站，10里一小站，40里一大站，共設(shè)小站11所，大站4所。
光緒元年 (1875)二月，盛軍除留馬隊(duì)駐馬廠外，其它各營(yíng)移屯潦水套，在潘永安墳地之小站的北側(cè)設(shè) “親軍營(yíng)” ,以親軍營(yíng)為中心，布設(shè)營(yíng)盤共18座，與新城炮臺(tái)相望，南扼祁(岐)口，東控大沽，遙相呼應(yīng)，以張遠(yuǎn)勢(shì)。
盛軍移屯小站的馬步兵共13個(gè)營(yíng)，共約18700人； 另外，還領(lǐng)唐仁廉部仁字營(yíng)軍隊(duì)兩個(gè)營(yíng)(因?yàn)樘迫柿庹{(diào)通永鎮(zhèn))。
新駐營(yíng)地本是海濱荒灘，士兵購(gòu)買東西要到10里以外地方，不利管理。為此，在潘永安墳地之小站的東側(cè)、親軍營(yíng)之南側(cè)筑城，建立了新的城鎮(zhèn)命名新農(nóng)鎮(zhèn) (或稱興農(nóng)鎮(zhèn)，今小站鎮(zhèn))。
新農(nóng)鎮(zhèn)東西北3面開(kāi)門，城內(nèi)設(shè)東西走向的“行營(yíng)買賣街” 。此后，遷民來(lái)墾田領(lǐng)種，新農(nóng)鎮(zhèn)成為小站一帶的貿(mào)易中心。另外，又讓兵勇開(kāi)墾屯種，致使這里成為五方雜處之地。于是將新農(nóng)鎮(zhèn)外西南方1公里處的全神廟改為新農(nóng)寺，建立盛軍屯田會(huì)館(今會(huì)館村),共計(jì)80多楹房間，作為集事、娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所。
盛軍購(gòu)買西洋武器，訓(xùn)練中槍炮打得準(zhǔn)的發(fā)給功牌；還挑選精壯士兵參加李鴻章親閱的 “懸靶考試” ,300步全中或打得好的，給以獎(jiǎng)賞。光緒三年(1877),由于餉源不濟(jì)，各軍統(tǒng)一減員二成，光緒九年(1883)八月，又予以補(bǔ)足。
周盛傳采取 “寓兵于農(nóng)”的練兵策略，率將士在西起馬廠東到大沽的遼闊土地上，挖渠開(kāi)溝，建閘修橋，以優(yōu)良水質(zhì)刷咸洗堿，營(yíng)田種稻，先后開(kāi)墾11000多畝稻田，使百里荒壙斥鹵之地變成 “北國(guó)魚米之鄉(xiāng)” ; 光緒元年(1875),還購(gòu)置外洋火輪水車 (燃煤動(dòng)力水車)4架，這是天津使用機(jī)械抽水機(jī)之始。并且實(shí)現(xiàn)了南稻北移，培育成功了名揚(yáng)中外的小站稻，為小站的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
光緒十年(1884),中法戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)，周盛傳之兄周盛波，奉詔招募淮勇5000人，赴小站防備訓(xùn)練。轉(zhuǎn)年，周盛傳病故，周盛波統(tǒng)帥盛軍繼續(xù)屯墾、訓(xùn)練，擴(kuò)建小站鎮(zhèn)街。光緒十四年(1888),周盛波也病故，盛軍由衛(wèi)汝貴統(tǒng)帥。光緒二十年(1894),中日甲午戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，盛軍全軍覆沒(méi)。
清朝末年，為紀(jì)念周盛傳兄弟，在小站鎮(zhèn)會(huì)館村建周公祠。為市級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位。
Xiaozhan is an ancient town located in the south ofTianjin. Its long history can be traced back to a beach inTang Dynasty.
Army training in Xiaozhan was an event inmodern China. It lasted about half a century from ZhouShengchuan,general of Huai Army,training army in1875 to Duan Qirui`s Zhenwu Army dissolved in 1920.
The Sheng Army was led by Zhou Shengchuan,who was the former bodyguard of Governor-GeneralLi Hongzhang. It made up of the backbone of Li`s HuaiArmy,which squashed the insurgences by the TaipingHeavenly Kingdom,Nian Rebels and Hui Rebellion inJiangsu,Henan,Anhui,Shandong,Hebei and Shanxiprovinces from 1853 to 1870.
In the spring of 1870 (the ninth year of EmperorTongzhi),Li Hongzhang,Governor-General of Zhili andBeiyang Minister,appointed Zhou as Commander-in-Chief of Tianjin to be in charge of the Sheng Army. In1870,the Sheng Army re-stationed in the Machang ofQing County. In 1873,Sheng Army built emplacementsin the the New City and a 140-kilometres Maxin roadfrom Ma Chang to New City. Beside the road,there wasa small post every 5 kilometres and a large post every 20kilometres. Small posts totalled 11 and 4 large posts.
In 1875 (the first year of Emperor Guangxu),theSheng Army,except calvary in Machang,moved toLiaoshuitao. The bodyguard barrack was built in thenorth of Xiaozhan near the tomb of Pan Ying`an. Aroundthe bodyguard barrack,17 barracks were built. All the 18barracks echoed with the emplacements in the New City,which guarded Qikou in the south and Dagu in the east.
The infantry and calvary of the Sheng Armymoving to Xiaozhan was 13 barracks,which totalled18,700 with 1,440 soldiers in one barrack. Besides theabove,Kang Renlian led two barracks of Ren Army inTongying Town.
The new barracks were located beside the coastwith few residence and no business. The soldiers had togo shopping 5 kilometers away,which was difficult tomanage. Therefore,a new town named Xinnong Town(or Xingnong Town) was built to the south of BodyguardBarrack and the east of Pan Ying`an`s tomb.
Xinnong Town had three gates in the north,eastand west and a west-east "Business Street for Barrack".Later,more and more peasants were moved to Xinnongtown,which made it the commercial center of Xiaozhan.The soldiers also cultivated land,so Xinnong townbecame a place with people from everywhere. Onekilometer to the south-east of Xinnong town,a fane wasreverted to Xinnong Temple. An assembly hall of theSheng Army was also built with more than 80 rooms forgathering and entertainment.
The Sheng Army bought western weapons andhonored the sharp-shooters. It also chose quality soldiersto attend shooting examinations held by Li Hongzhang.Those who could or nearly could hit the target 300walks away were awarded. In 1877,the soldiers`saccommodation became insufficient,so 20 per cent ofthe forces were reduced.
Zhou Shengchuan adopted the strategy of self-support by letting the soldiers cultivate land. From1875 to 1880,he led his army dug ditches,built bridgesand watered fields to grow rice on the vast land fromMachang to Dagu. More than 11,000 mu of rice paddywas cultivated,which were called "the land of fish andrice in North China". In 1875,4 water pumps poweredby coal were bought from overseas,which were thefirst machine pumps used in Tianjin. They even bredXiaozhan Rice in North China,which could only growin South China. They also fought flood and relieved thevictims of natural calamity. All of these stashed the basisfor the development of Xiaozhan as a historical town.
In 1884,the Sino-France War broke out. ZhouShengbo,Zhou Shengchuan`s brother,recruited5,000 soldiers in Anhui Province and sent them toXiaozhan for training. In 1885,Zhou Shengchuandied. Zhou Shengbo continued to lead the army forcultivating lands,training,and enlarging roads. In1888,Zhou Shengbo also died. The Sheng Army wasthen led by Wei Rugui. In 1894,the Sheng Army wasoverwhelmingly defeated during the Sino-Japanese War.
In the end of Qing Dynasty,to memorize the Zhoubrothers,local people constructed Zhou`s AncestralTemple near Xiaozhan`s assembly hall. It is listed as amunicipal cultural relic of Tianjin now.

·周盛傳塑像