1931年“九一八”事變后，日本帝國(guó)主義侵占了東北；進(jìn)而把侵略的矛頭指向華北。1933年4月，日軍侵占熱河，進(jìn)逼平津，前鋒抵達(dá)塘沽、通州。國(guó)民黨政府代表熊斌、殷汝耕與日本關(guān)東軍代表岡村寧次，在塘沽進(jìn)行停戰(zhàn)談判。
1933年5月31日，雙方簽訂《塘沽協(xié)定》,規(guī)定日軍撤至“長(zhǎng)城一線(xiàn)” ,劃綏東、察北、冀東一帶22個(gè)縣為“非武裝區(qū)” ,中國(guó)不得駐有軍隊(duì)，允許日軍自由出入。國(guó)民黨政府實(shí)際上承認(rèn)了日軍侵占東三省和熱河的合法化； 并把察北、冀東出賣(mài)給日本，為日軍侵略華北提供了條件。
1933年6月1日，中華蘇維埃臨時(shí)中央政府發(fā)表宣言，反對(duì)《塘沽協(xié)定》,嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)國(guó)民黨政府的賣(mài)國(guó)行徑。
《塘沽協(xié)定》簽訂以后，日軍侵華活動(dòng)日益猖獗。1934年8月，日本陸海軍在大沽口外進(jìn)行聯(lián)合演習(xí)，海軍14艘軍艦發(fā)炮封鎖大沽口外海面。
1935年，日本侵略者借口中國(guó)當(dāng)局援助東北義勇軍孫玉勤部，進(jìn)入冀東非武裝區(qū)，破壞了《塘沽協(xié)定》,遂調(diào)遣關(guān)東軍入關(guān)，進(jìn)行威脅。7月6日，國(guó)民黨北平軍分會(huì)委員長(zhǎng)何應(yīng)欽，答應(yīng)日華北駐屯軍司令梅津美治郎提出的全部要求，撤銷(xiāo)中國(guó)駐河北省的黨政機(jī)關(guān)和軍隊(duì)，并禁止一切抗日活動(dòng)，致使整個(gè)華北置于日軍監(jiān)視之下。
1935年11月25日，國(guó)民黨冀東行政督察專(zhuān)員殷汝耕，成立偽冀東防共自治政府，在塘沽駐設(shè)保安大隊(duì)，為日軍全面開(kāi)放大沽海口。1936年初，日軍在港口內(nèi)增設(shè)海軍碼頭，控制內(nèi)河航運(yùn)。同年12月，日海軍部命令旅順第14驅(qū)逐艦隊(duì)的“菊” 、“獲” 、“葵”號(hào)3艘驅(qū)逐艦，駛抵塘沽。
1935年，日軍還在大沽購(gòu)置土地，策劃建立海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)營(yíng)地，企圖長(zhǎng)期盤(pán)踞海口。日本從國(guó)內(nèi)征集的2萬(wàn)余輛運(yùn)輸汽車(chē)，也通過(guò)大沽口，陸續(xù)運(yùn)至天津。日本郵船株式會(huì)社的 “摩耶丸” 、“生駒丸”等船，每天由日本向塘沽運(yùn)送軍火。日本海軍艦船經(jīng)常來(lái)往于大連和塘沽之間，運(yùn)送兵員與裝備，為發(fā)動(dòng)七七事變做準(zhǔn)備。
After the September 18 Event in 1931,Japaneseimperialists invaded the Northeast China. Its nextobjective was North China. In April,1933,the Japanesearmy occupied Rehe and menaced Beijing and Tianjin.Its pioneer force reached Tanggu and Tongzhou. TheKuomintang government sent Xiong Bin and YinRugeng to negotiate about truce with the JapaneseArmy`s representative Hideki Tojo at Tanggu.
On May 31,1933,the two parties signed TangguTreaty which stipulated that the Japanese army retreatedto the line of Great Wall. Kuomintang allocated 22counties of the east of Sui,the north of Cha and theeast of Ji as "Non-Military Area" where Chinese couldnot be stationed and the Japanese could enter withoutresistance. In fact,the Kuomintang government admittedthe legitimation of the Japanese occupation of theprovinces of Northeast China and Rehe. It also gaveaway the north of Cha and the east of Ji to Japan,whichprovided convenience to Japan of invading north China.
On June 1,1933,the temporary central governmentof Soviet China issued manifesto against Tanggu Treatyand criticized the betrayal of Kuomintang government.
After the signing of Tanggu Treaty,the Japanesearmy was more active. In August,1934,the land forceand navy of Japan held joint maneuvers at Dagukou. 14warships of the navy blocked Dagu Seaport.
In 1935,the Japanese army entered the nonmilitaryarea of the east of Ji in the pretext of Chinese governmentwas aiding Sun Yuqin`s Northeast Militia,which violatedthe Tanggu Treaty. It sent Kwantung Army to enterShanhaiguan. On July 6,He Yingqin,Chairman of theMilitary Committee of Peking Army of Kuomintang,accepted Umezu Yoshijro`s total requirements (thecommander of the Japanese army stationed in NorthChina). All government agencies and army of HebeiProvince retreated and stopped anti-Japan activities,which put north China under the scout of the Japanesearmy.
On November 25,1935,Yin Rugeng,superintendentof east Ji area of Kuomintang,established JidongAnti-Communism Government. He organized peacepreservation corps at Tanggu and opened Dagu seaportto Japan. At the beginning of 1936,Japan set up navyport at Dagu to control the navigation of inland rivers.In December,the Japanese navy sent 3 chasers of "Ju","Huo" and "Kui" from its 14th fleet at Lushun to Tanggu.
In 1935,the Japanese army bought lands at Daguto build the barrack of its marine corps,which intendedto occupy the seaport in a long period. About 20,000trucks arrived at Tianjin via Dagu seaport. The ships ofJapanese Postage Shipping Company carried weaponsfrom Japan to Dagu everyday. The warships of Japancarried soldiers and equipments between Dalian andTanggu,preparing for the breakout of the 7.7 Event.

·中日簽訂《塘沽協(xié)定》時(shí)合影